Gradient - gradient

Japanese: こう配(勾配) - こうばい
Gradient - gradient
Gradient refers to the inclination of a slope or hill. To express the degree of inclination, when the angle between a slope and a horizontal plane is α, the tangent of that angle, i.e., tan α, is called the gradient of the slope. For example, if there is a straight slope that rises 60 m in the horizontal distance of 1000 m, then the slope is said to have an uphill gradient of 60/1000. In mathematics, gradient is defined as follows:
[Slope of a line]
If we define orthogonal coordinates ( x , y ) on a plane, then any straight line on this plane that is not parallel to the y- axis can be expressed as y = ax + b . If the angle this line makes with the x -axis is α, then a = tan α, so a is called the slope, inclination, or directional coefficient of the line.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:
こう配とは斜面や坂道の傾きのことである。その傾きの程度の表し方として,斜面と水平面との角がαであるとき,その角の正接(タンジェントtangent)の値,すなわちtanαをその斜面のこう配という。例えば,まっすぐな坂道があって,その坂道を水平距離で測って1000m進む間に60m高くなるならば,その坂道は1000分の60の登りこう配であるという。数学においては〈こう配〉を次のように定義して用いる。
[直線のこう配]
 平面上に直交座標(x,y)を定めると,この平面上のy軸に平行でない直線はyaxbと一次式で表され,この直線がx軸となす角をαとするとa=tanαであるから,aをこの直線のこう配,傾き(slope,inclination),または方向係数という。

出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報

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