Sake tasting - kikizake

Japanese: きき酒 - ききざけ
Sake tasting - kikizake

It is also written as 'tasting sake' or 'tasting sake' and is also called 'kikishu'. It is the act of judging the quality of alcoholic beverages by the senses. The quality of alcoholic beverages, which are luxury items, is judged by human sensory tests, that is, 'tasting sake'. Today, chemical analysis technology has advanced greatly, but the day when the relationship between the types and amounts of components related to human senses such as taste, smell, and color and the senses (taste, smell, and color) will be scientifically elucidated is still a long way off. For example, in the case of sake (seishu), the sweetness and dryness, and the light and dark flavors can be explained about 80% by analysis of sugar and acidity. In sensory tests by experienced people, they can make a comprehensive judgment of the aroma and flavor very quickly, and have a sharp ability to analyze the balance and characteristics of the aroma and flavor components. Furthermore, the senses of deliciousness, elegance, likes and dislikes are still decided by the person himself. This is common to the evaluation of calligraphy and paintings.

Tasting sake is used to judge the quality of sake, but it is also used to judge the quality of sake to be shipped, to manage sake quality in the market (checking for deterioration due to exposure to sunlight, etc.), to handle complaints, and even to check the characteristics of the aroma and flavor, and to manage production, such as pointing out defects in the production and storage processes. For sake tasting, a white porcelain container (180 ml capacity) called a "kikichoko" (kiki choko) is usually used. The bottom of the container has a thick blue line depicting a snake's eye, which is used to check the luster of the sake. In addition, to avoid focusing on the color of the sake, a "mekurachoko" with a yellow painted inside or a brown glass may be used. The steps in sake tasting are: (1) Check the color of the sake and whether it is cloudy or not. (2) Smell the sake to determine the nature and strength of the smell. Check whether it is new or aged, and whether there is an aged aroma, a ginjo aroma, or an abnormal odor. (3) Taste the sake. Put about 5-6 milliliters of sake into your mouth and roll it around on your tongue in a slurping motion, tasting it with all sides of your tongue. (4) Spit it out and check the aftertaste. (5) Give it a score. Once you're used to the above procedure, it will only take about 10-20 seconds per point. The scoring method varies depending on the purpose, but there are grading methods (for example, good or bad, true or false), scoring methods (rating 1-5 points based on how good the sake is), two-point tests (which is better), and descriptive methods (describing in detail the strengths and weaknesses of the sake).

In the case of wine, pour about 50 milliliters of wine into a colorless, stemmed, tulip-shaped glass (holding about 200 milliliters). (1) Color: Check for clarity. It is important that the color has not faded or turned brown. (2) Aroma: Does it have the characteristics of the grape variety, and is there any off-flavor? (3) Taste: What is the balance of acidity, astringency, and sweetness? Does it bring out the characteristics of that type of alcohol?

In the case of beer, pour one glass into a clear glass and check (1) the foam, (2) the color, (3) the taste, refreshingness and roundness when drinking.

Brandy is served in a brandy glass, while whiskey is served in a tulip-shaped glass. Both are assessed for color, aroma, and taste, but brandy is especially important because its aroma is its lifeblood.

Becoming good at sake tasting requires repeated training and tasting and memorizing many good sakes. It is important to separate sake into its color, aroma, and flavor, memorize the terminology, link it to your own impressions, clearly memorize its characteristics, and create a scale.

[Yuichi Akiyama]

Sommelier

A sommelier is a professional who serves customers at restaurants by recommending wines and other alcoholic beverages that go well with the food they order, and is also responsible for purchasing and storing the restaurant's wines. To become a sommelier, one must have extensive wine knowledge and experience, be a member of the Japan Sommelier Association, have worked in the food and beverage service industry for more than five years, and pass a written exam and a practical exam for serving and tasting sake.

Recently, professional occupations known as "sake sommeliers" and "sake masters" have also emerged that provide similar services with sake.

[Yuichi Akiyama]

[Reference] | Sommelier
Containers used for sake tasting
On the left is a "Kikichoko" with a thick blue line depicting a snake's eye, which makes the sake's shine stand out. On the right is a brown glass (amber glass) used to prevent the taste of the sake from being affected by the color. ©Shogakukan ">

Containers used for sake tasting


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

利酒、唎酒とも書き、「ききしゅ」ともいう。酒類の品質の良否を感覚により判定すること。嗜好(しこう)品である酒類の品質の鑑定は、人間の感覚による官能検査、すなわち「きき酒」によって行われている。今日、化学分析技術は非常に進歩したが、味、におい、色など人間の感覚にかかわる成分の種類や量と感覚(味覚、嗅覚(きゅうかく)、色覚)との関係が科学的に解明される日はまだ遠い。日本酒(清酒)の例でいえば、甘辛、濃淡味が、糖分と酸度の分析から、80%ぐらい説明できる程度である。熟練者による官能検査では、香味の総合判断は非常に速く、香味成分のバランス、特徴などの解析力も鋭い。また、おいしさ、上品さ、好き嫌いといった感覚は、やはり人自身が決めるものである。書画の評価に共通している。

 きき酒は品質鑑定に採用されているが、これだけにとどまらず、出荷する酒質の判断、市場における酒質の管理(日光による変質のチェックなど)、クレーム処理に、さらには香味の特色から、製造管理、たとえば製造工程や貯蔵工程での欠陥の指摘にも及ぶ。清酒のきき酒には、普通「ききちょこ(きき猪口)」という白磁の容器(180ミリリットル入り)を用いる。その底に青色の太い線で「蛇の目」が描かれているのは酒の光沢を見るためである。また、酒の色にこだわるのを避けるため、内側を黄色に塗った「めくらちょこ」か褐色グラスを用いることもある。きき酒の手順は、(1)酒の色、濁りの有無を見る。(2)においをかぎ、においの性質、強さを判断する。新酒か古酒か、また、老ね香(ひねか)、吟醸香(ぎんじょうか)や異常臭の有無を調べる。(3)味をみる。5~6ミリリットルくらいの酒を口に入れ、すするようにして舌の上で転がし、舌の全面で味をみる。(4)吐き出して、後味(あとあじ)もチェックする。(5)評点をつける。以上の手順は、慣れれば1点につき10~20秒くらいで終わる。評点は目的によって異なるが、格付け法(たとえば良否、○×式)、採点法(よさの程度で1~5点をつける)、2点試験法(どちらがよいか)、描写法(酒の長所・欠点を細かく記述する)がある。

 ワインの場合は、脚(あし)付きのチューリップ形の無色のグラス(約200ミリリットル入り)に50ミリリットルくらいのワインを注ぐ。(1)色 冴(さ)えを見る。色が退色したり褐変(かっぺん)していないかはたいせつな点である。(2)香り ブドウの品種の特徴があるか、異臭の有無。(3)味 酸味、渋味、甘味のバランスはどうか。その酒のタイプの特色を出しているかどうか。

 ビールの場合は、透明なグラスに1杯つぐ。(1)泡立ち、(2)色、(3)味、のどごしの爽快(そうかい)さ、まるみなどをみる。

 ブランデーはブランデーグラスで、ウイスキーはチューリップ形のグラスを用いる。ともに色、香り、味を試みるが、とくにブランデーは香りが生命の酒であり、鑑定の重点もそこに置かれる。

 きき酒が上手になるにはトレーニングを重ね、よい酒をたくさんきき酒して覚えることであるが、酒の色、香り、味に分けて、その用語を覚え、自分の実感と結びつけ、その特色を明確に頭に入れ、尺度をつくることがたいせつである。

[秋山裕一]

ソムリエ

ソムリエsommelierとは、レストランで客の求めに応じて、注文した料理にあうワインなどの酒類を勧めるサービスをする専門家で、同時にそのレストランのワインの仕入れ、貯蔵管理も行う重要な役職である。ソムリエになるには、ワインの知識と豊富な経験が必要で、さらに日本ソムリエ協会の会員で、5年以上飲食サービスに従事し、筆記試験およびサービスときき酒の実技試験に合格しなければならない。

 また最近では、同様のサービスを日本酒で行う「きき酒師」「酒匠」という専門職も生まれてきている。

[秋山裕一]

[参照項目] | ソムリエ
きき酒に用いられる容器
写真左は、青色の太い線で「蛇の目」が描かれている「ききちょこ」で、酒の光沢がよくわかる。右は、酒の味が色によって影響されるのを防ぐために用いられる褐色グラス(アンバーグラス)©Shogakukan">

きき酒に用いられる容器


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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