Mining rights - Kougyouken

Japanese: 鉱業権 - こうぎょうけん
Mining rights - Kougyouken

The right to mine and acquire the registered minerals and other minerals present in the same mineral deposits in a certain registered area (mining district). Mining rights are separate and independent from the ownership of the land in which the minerals are buried, and the power to grant mining rights belongs to the state.

Those who wish to obtain mining rights obtain the rights by filing an application with the Director-General of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, receiving permission, and registering the rights in the mining register. Only Japanese nationals or Japanese corporations can become mining rights holders, and the first person to apply is given the permission first (first-come, first-served basis). In principle, two or more mining rights cannot be established in the same area. There are two types of mining rights: prospecting rights and mining rights. Mining rights are unlimited, while prospecting rights can be extended two years from the date of registration (three times in the case of oil). Mining rights are considered a type of real right, and the provisions regarding real estate apply mutatis mutandis. Since mining rights are separate rights from land ownership, even landowners cannot mine minerals without mining rights, except for the case of using flammable natural gas for personal use, and they will be punished if they violate this rule. Also, mining rights holders can mine minerals from other people's land, and are allowed to use other people's land to the extent necessary for that purpose. The transfer of mining rights and other changes in rights take effect upon registration in the mining ledger. Furthermore, mining rights holders must commence operations within six months of acquiring the rights, conduct mining operations in accordance with the law, and pay mining area taxes and mineral product taxes.

[Saburo Miyata]

[Reference] | Mining Law | Mining Area | Mining Area Tax | Mine Tax | Mining Rights

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

登録を受けた一定の地域(鉱区)で、登録を受けた鉱物およびこれと同種の鉱床中に存する他の鉱物を掘採し、取得する権利。鉱業権は、鉱物を埋蔵している土地の所有権とは別個独立の権利であって、鉱業権を付与する権能は国に属する。

 鉱業権を得ようとする者は、経済産業省経済産業局長に出願し、その許可を受け、鉱業原簿に登録することによって、鉱業権を取得する。鉱業権者となりうる者は日本国民または日本国法人に限られ、早く出願した者に優先的に許可が与えられる(先願主義)。原則として同一の地域では2以上の鉱業権を設定することができない。鉱業権には試掘権と採掘権との2種があり、採掘権は無期限、試掘権は登録から2年で2回(石油の場合は3回)延長できる。鉱業権は物権の一種とみなされ、不動産に関する規定が準用される。鉱業権は土地所有権とは別個の権利であるから、土地所有者といえども、可燃性天然ガスなどを自家用に供する場合を除いては、鉱業権がなければ鉱物を掘採できないし、これを犯せば罰せられ、また鉱業権者であれば、他人の土地からでも鉱物を掘採でき、そのために必要な限度で他人の土地を使用することも許される。鉱業権の譲渡その他の権利の変動は、鉱業原簿へ登録することによって効力を生じる。なお、鉱業権者は、権利取得後6か月以内に事業に着手し、法に従って鉱業を営み、鉱区税、鉱産税を納めなければならない。

[宮田三郎]

[参照項目] | 鉱業法 | 鉱区 | 鉱区税 | 鉱産税 | 採掘権

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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