Mustard Seed Garden Picture Book

A Chinese painting manual from the Qing dynasty. There are the first and second volumes. It is so named because it was first published in Mustard Seed Garden. Mustard Seed Garden is also the name of the villa in Nanjing where the Qing dynasty writer Li Yu lived in his later years, and the first volume contains a preface written by Li Yu in 1679 (the 18th year of the Kangxi era). The first volume is a collection and classification of landscape painting techniques by famous artists, and was edited and compiled by Wang Xuan, a second-rate painter of the time. After compiling the gist of painting theories from each era, it classifies landscape painting techniques such as trees and stones and includes many illustrations. The second collection is a painting guidebook on the Four Gentlemen (orchids, bamboo, plums, and chrysanthemums), other flowers, insects, and birds, and is said to have been compiled in 1701 (Kangxi 40) by Wang Xuan and his brothers Wang Pei and Wang Peng. The commonly used edition divides it into "Collection 2" and "Collection 3". The first collection and the following were published in Nanjing, and were well received as self-study guidebooks for aspiring painters who had not had the opportunity to view ancient paintings. Since its reprint in 1782 (Qianlong 47), it has been revised many times. The fourth collection was published in Suzhou in 1818 (Jiaqing 23), but this was a forgery that took advantage of the sales of the first collection. Shortly after the publication of the first collection, it was introduced to Japan, where reprints were made and contributed to the development and spread of Southern painting.

[Shinya Hoshiyama]

"Natsuko Kusanagi's Modern Japanese Translation of the Mustard Seed Garden Illustrated Biography" (1984, Utsudo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、清(しん)代の画譜。初集と二集がある。初め芥子園から刊行されたのでこの名がある。芥子園とは、清の文筆家李漁(りぎょ)が晩年に住んだ南京(ナンキン)の別荘名でもあり、初集には李漁の康煕(こうき)18年（1679）の序文が載る。初集は名家の山水画法を集め、分類したもので、当時の二流画家王槩(おうがい)が編集述作。各時代の画論の要旨を集録したあと、樹石など、山水の描法を分類して多くの図を載せている。二集は四君子（蘭(らん)竹梅菊）その他の花卉(かき)、草虫、翎毛(れいもう)（小鳥）の画譜で、王槩とその兄弟王蓍(おうし)、王臬(おうげつ)が1701年（康煕40）に編集したとするもので、通行本はこれを「二集」と「三集」に分けている。初集以下、南京で開版され、古画閲覧に恵まれぬ画家志望者の自習のための手引書として好評を得て、1782年（乾隆47）の再刻以来たびたび改版が行われてきた。1818年（嘉慶23）に四集が蘇州(そしゅう)で刊行されているが、これはこの画譜の売れ行きに便乗した偽托(ぎたく)本である。初集発刊後まもなく日本にも伝来し、翻刻本がつくられ、南画の発展普及に寄与した。

［星山晋也］

『草薙奈津子訳『現代語訳　芥子園画伝』全2冊（1984・芸艸堂）』

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