These are nuclear reactor satellites equipped with small nuclear reactors and satellites that use nuclear batteries. Nuclear batteries use the radiation energy of plutonium 238. Since 1962, the Soviet Union has launched more than 30 satellites, either the Romashka type with a thermal output of 40 kW or the Topaz type with a thermal output of 130-150 kW, which use a thermocouple inside the reactor to generate electricity. The United States has launched 22 nuclear battery satellites since the 1960s. The nuclear reactor satellite SNAP-10A (thermal output 34 kW) was launched in 1965. Because cooling is difficult in space, the output of satellite reactors up to that point was around 5 kW, but in the 1980s, the United States developed the SP-100 nuclear reactor with an electrical output of 100 kW as part of the SDI project. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
小型の原子炉を積んだ原子炉衛星や,原子力電池を用いる衛星。原子力電池にはプルトニウム 238の放射線のエネルギーを利用する。 1962年以降,ソ連は熱出力 40kWのロマーシュカか同 130~150kWのトパーズ型で,炉内熱電対による発電方式のものを 30基以上打上げた。アメリカは 1960年代から原子力電池衛星 22基を打上げた。また原子炉衛星 SNAP-10A (熱出力 34kW) は 65年に打上げられた。宇宙空間では冷却が困難なため,これまでの衛星用原子炉の出力は 5kW程度だったが,1980年代になりアメリカは SDI計画で電気出力 100kWの原子炉 SP-100を開発した。
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