Pedigree registration is a method of identifying the genetic characteristics of livestock. There are two types of registration: closed registration, which is for only those born to already registered parents, and open registration, which is for hybrids that are to be used as the basis for improvement. There is also selective registration, which sets certain standards for body shape and ability and registers only those that meet these standards. Pedigree registration was first carried out in England in 1791 for thoroughbred stallions (→General Stud Book). Since then, it has been carried out for beef cattle and sheep, but now it is carried out for various livestock in most countries. In Japan, public organizations register the pedigrees of cattle, light horses (including racehorses such as thoroughbreds and Arabian horses), sheep, goats, and pigs, and make them public in a register. They also distribute pedigree registration certificates to breeders, which include the name, registration number, sex, breeder, date of birth, family tree, and characteristics. Pedigrees are particularly important in horse racing, which is said to be a sport of pedigree, and racehorses with unknown pedigrees are not allowed to participate in races. In addition, for dogs, cats, and other animals, pedigrees are registered and pedigrees are issued by their respective registration associations or enthusiast groups. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
家畜の遺伝形質などを明らかにするために行う血統の登録。すでに登録されている両親から生れたものだけを対象とする閉鎖式と,雑種のものでも改良の基礎にしようとするものを対象とする開放式とがあり,さらに体型や能力に一定の基準をつくってこれに合格したものだけを登録する選抜登録とがある。初めて血統登録を行なったのは,1791年のイギリスでサラブレッドの種牡馬について行なったもの (→ジェネラル・スタッドブック ) で,以後,肉牛や羊などについても行われるようになったが,現在ではほとんどの国で各種の家畜について行われている。日本では牛,軽種馬 (サラブレッド,アラブなどの競走馬が含まれる) ,羊,やぎ,豚の各品種について,公共団体が血統登録を行い,登録簿として公にするとともに,飼育者に名称,登録番号,性別,生産者,生年月日,系図,特徴などを記入した血統登録証明書を配布している。特に血統が重んじられるのは血統のスポーツといわれる競馬で,血統の明らかでない競走馬はレースに出走できない仕組みとなっている。また犬,ねこなどについても,それぞれの登録協会あるいは愛好者団体で血統登録を行い,血統書を発行している。
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