Anjou - Anjou (English spelling)

Japanese: アンジュー - あんじゅー(英語表記)Anjou
Anjou - Anjou (English spelling)

A historical region and former province in western France. It mainly corresponds to the Maine-et-Loire department. Several rivers join near the former provincial capital of Angers, and the Mayenne and Sarthe rivers join to form the Maine River, which then flows into the Loire River. The main roads run along these river valleys. In the west, livestock farming is thriving through pasture cultivation that takes advantage of the humid climate, while in the east, grapes, fruit trees, vegetables, and flowers are prominent. Angers is the center of commerce and industry.

[Nobuo Takahashi]

history

The Celts settled here from the beginning of the 1st century and it was ruled by the Roman Empire, but was conquered by the Franks. In the 9th century, Robert le Fort (?-866), ancestor of the Capetian family, repelled the Norman invasion and became a county in 870, and Angéléger founded the First House of Anjou (870-1205). From this family came the English Plantagenet dynasty (1154-1485), and there was a time when the English king ruled the County of Anjou (1154-1203), but in 1203, King Philip II of France succeeded in recapturing it from the English King John (the Lackland King) through feudal law procedures. In 1226, King Louis VIII of France ceded Anjou and Maine to his son Charles I, but they were later annexed by Philip VI of Valois (1328) and then by Louis, the second son of John II the Good, as dukes. In 1482, King Louis XI annexed them again, and they remained there ever since. The title of Duke of Anjou continued to be bestowed on princes of the blood from the 16th century onwards, as can be seen in the case of the sons of Henry II and Louis XIV.

[Yoshio Shigaki]

[Reference] | Ange

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランス西部の歴史的地方、旧州名。主としてメーヌ・エ・ロアール県に相当する。旧州都のアンジェ付近でいくつもの河川が合流し、マイエンヌ川、サルト川は合流してメーヌ川になり、さらにロアール川に流れ込む。主要道路はこれらの河谷に沿っている。西部は湿潤気候を利用した牧草栽培による牧畜が盛んであり、東部はブドウをはじめ果樹、野菜、花卉(かき)栽培が卓越する。アンジェは商工業の中心地である。

[高橋伸夫]

歴史

1世紀の初めごろからケルト人が植民し、ローマ帝国の支配を受けたが、フランク人によって征服された。9世紀に入ってカペー家の祖先ロベール・ル・フォールRobert le Fort(?―866)がノルマン人の侵入を撃退し、870年伯領となり、アンジェルジェが第一アンジュー家(870~1205)を創始した。この家から、イギリスのプランタジネット朝(1154~1485)が生まれ、イギリス国王がアンジュー伯領を支配した時代(1154~1203)もあったが、1203年フランス国王フィリップ2世は、封建法上の手続によって、イギリス国王ジョン(欠地王)の手から奪回することに成功した。1226年、フランス国王ルイ8世は王子シャルル(1世)にアンジューとメーヌを譲渡したが、その後、バロア家のフィリップ6世が王領地に併合(1328)、ついでジャン2世(善良王)の第2子ルイの公領となった。1482年、国王ルイ11世はふたたび王領地に併合し、その後変わるところはなかった。アンジュー公という称号は16世紀以降も血統親王に付与され、アンリ2世、ルイ14世の王子たちにその例をみることができる。

[志垣嘉夫]

[参照項目] | アンジェ

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