Light water moderated and cooled nuclear reactors are abbreviated as light water reactors, or LWR, which stands for Light-Water Reactor. This reactor is a commercial power reactor developed in the United States, and accounts for the majority of nuclear power generation in the world. It is characterized by its high power density. Ordinary water, i.e. light water, is used as a neutron moderator, and at the same time, this water acts as a coolant to cool the reactor core. The fuel used is basically uranium dioxide enriched to about 3%. There are two types of light water reactors: pressurized water reactors and boiling water reactors; the former is called PWR or simply P, which stands for Pressurized-Water Reactor, and the latter is called BWR or simply B, which stands for Boiling-Water Reactor. PWRs were developed by Westinghouse, one of the two major manufacturers in the United States, and in Japan, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Toshiba have formed a technical partnership, and they have been introduced by Japan Atomic Power Company, Kansai Electric Power Company, Shikoku Electric Power Company, Kyushu Electric Power Company, and Hokkaido Electric Power Company. On the other hand, BWRs were developed by General Electric, and in Japan, Hitachi and Toshiba have formed a technical partnership, and they have been introduced by Japan Atomic Power Company, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Tohoku Electric Power Company, Chubu Electric Power Company, Chugoku Electric Power Company, Hokuriku Electric Power Company, and Electric Power Development Co., Ltd. (J-POWER). [Jun Sakurai] [References] | | | |©Shogakukan "> Structure of pressurized water reactor and steam generator Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
軽水減速軽水冷却型原子炉のことを略して軽水炉、あるいはLight-Water Reactorの頭文字をとってLWRともいう。この原子炉はアメリカで開発された商業用発電炉で、世界の原子力発電の主流を占めており、出力密度が高いことが特徴である。中性子の減速材には普通の水、すなわち軽水が使われており、同時にこの水が炉心を冷却する冷却材の役割をしている。燃料には基本的に約3%に濃縮された二酸化ウランが使われている。 軽水炉には加圧水型原子炉と沸騰水型原子炉があり、前者はPressurized-Water Reactorの頭文字をとってPWRあるいは単にP、後者はBoiling-Water Reactorの頭文字をとってBWRあるいは単にBという。PWRはアメリカの二大メーカーの一つであるウェスティングハウス社が開発したもので、日本では三菱(みつびし)重工業と東芝が技術提携し、日本原子力発電、関西電力、四国電力、九州電力、北海道電力がそれを導入している。これに対してBWRはゼネラル・エレクトリック社が開発したもので、日本では日立製作所、東芝が技術提携し、日本原子力発電、東京電力、東北電力、中部電力、中国電力、北陸電力、電源開発(J-POWER)がそれを導入している。 [桜井 淳] [参照項目] | | | |©Shogakukan"> 加圧水型原子炉と蒸気発生装置の構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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