Exchange profits and losses - kawase sae kisason

Japanese: 為替差益･差損 - かわせさえきさそん

When you have a net receivable or payable in a foreign currency, the profit that arises in your home currency due to fluctuations in the exchange rate is called an exchange gain, and the loss is called an exchange loss. For example, if a Japanese exporter enters into an export contract in dollars, it will have dollar-denominated receivables from the time it actually exports the goods until it receives payment for them. In this case, even if the export contract is made on the premise that it will be profitable at 1 dollar = 230 yen, if the exchange rate fluctuates to 1 dollar = 210 yen at the time the export payment is received, an exchange loss of 20 yen per dollar will be incurred on the dollar-denominated receivable.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

外貨建てでネットの債権もしくは債務をもっている場合，為替相場の変動によって自国通貨建てで生じる利益を為替差益，またその損失を為替差損という。たとえば，日本の輸出業者がドル建てで輸出契約を行うと，現実に貨物を輸出しその代金を受け取るまでの間，ドル建債権をもつことになる。この場合，たとえば1ドル＝230円で採算が合うという前提で輸出契約を結んだとしても，輸出代金を受け取るときに為替相場が変動して1ドル＝210円になると，そのドル建債権について1ドル当り20円の為替差損が生じる。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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