Born January 29, 1810 in Zola, Duchy of Brandenburg Died May 14, 1893. Berlin. German mathematician. At the age of three, he lost his father, a practicing physician in Sorau, to typhus left behind by Napoleon's defeated soldiers. He grew up in extreme poverty, and when he entered the University of Halle (1828), he walked back and forth between Halle and Sorau instead of living in a boarding school. He initially aspired to study theology, but after listening to a lecture by Professor Schelk, he switched to mathematics. He was a gymnasium teacher in Sorau (1831) and Lignitz (32). He was a professor at the University of Breslau (42). In 1855, he became a professor at the University of Berlin, succeeding P. Dirichlet, who had moved to the University of Göttingen. His most important achievement was his research into number theory. In 1843, he presented a proof of Fermat's problem (→Fermat's Last Theorem) to Dirichlet, but after his error was pointed out, he worked harder to create the concept of ideal numbers, which he used to prove that Fermat's problem was unsolvable for a large range of prime numbers. Most of the subsequent research on Fermat's problem was based on Kummer's work. For his work, he was awarded the Grand Prize by the Academie des Sciences in Paris in 1857. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1810.1.29. ブランデンブルク公国,ゾラウ [没]1893.5.14. ベルリン ドイツの数学者。3歳のとき,ゾラウで開業医をしていた父を,ナポレオンの敗残兵の残したチフスによって失う。赤貧のなかで育ち,ハレ大学に入ったとき (1828) ,寄宿舎に入らないで,ハレとゾラウの間を歩いて往復したという。最初は神学研究を志したが,シェルク教授の講義を聞いてから数学に転向。ゾラウのギムナジウム教師 (1831) ,リグニッツのギムナジウム教師 (32) 。ブレスラウ大学教授 (42) 。 1855年,ゲッティンゲン大学に移った P.ディリクレのあとをうけてベルリン大学教授となる。最も重要な業績は整数論の研究である。 43年,彼はフェルマの問題 (→フェルマの最終定理 ) の証明をディリクレに示したが,誤りを指摘され,さらに努力を重ねて理想数 ideal numberの概念を創出し,それを用いてフェルマの問題が広範囲の素数に対して解けないことを証明した。その後のフェルマの問題の研究は,ほとんどがクンマーの仕事を基礎にしている。その功績によって 57年,パリ科学アカデミーから大賞を贈られた。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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