Pulmonary fibrosis (pulmonary fibrosis)

Japanese: 肺繊維症(肺線維症) - はいせんいしょう（英語表記）pulmonary fibrosis

A disease in which widespread (diffuse) fibrosis occurs in the alveolar septa, with the main symptoms being dry cough and shortness of breath on exertion. Crackled and vesicular rasping sounds are heard on auscultation, and chest X-rays show diffuse granular-reticular-honeycomb shadows and pulmonary atrophy, while pulmonary function tests show restrictive impairment (reduced vital capacity), diffusion impairment (impaired transfer of oxygen from the alveoli to the pulmonary capillaries), and hypoxemia. In the narrow sense, the term pulmonary fibrosis refers to the end stage of inflammation of the pulmonary interstitium (alveolar septa) (i.e., interstitial pneumonia), but in reality, it often also includes some clinical features of interstitial pneumonia, which is an initial lesion, and therefore is broadly interpreted as interstitial pneumonia + pulmonary fibrosis in the narrow sense.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

肺胞隔壁に広範(瀰漫（びまん）性)に繊維増殖をきたし，空咳，労作時息ぎれを主症状とする疾患。聴診では捻髪性ラッセル音，小水泡性ラッセル音がきかれ，胸部X線写真では瀰漫性の粒状‐網状‐はちの巣状陰影や肺の萎縮を呈し，肺機能検査では拘束性障害(肺活量の低下)，拡散障害(肺胞から肺毛細血管への酸素の移行障害)，低酸素血症を呈する。　肺繊維症という呼称は，狭義には肺間質(肺胞隔壁)の炎症(すなわち間質性肺炎)の終末像を意味するが，実際には一部，初期病変である間質性肺炎の臨床像をあわせもっていることが多いため，広義には間質性肺炎＋狭義の肺繊維症として解釈されている。

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