AfDB is a regional financial institution established in 1964 with the support of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) for the purpose of promoting economic and social development in independent African countries. Its abbreviation is AfDB. To achieve its objectives, it strengthens economic cooperation among member countries, creates development plans, provides loans, technical assistance, raises development funds from within and outside the region, and promotes the introduction of government and private capital. Its loans are mainly for projects that are relatively profitable, such as public services, transportation, and agriculture, but the loan conditions are semi-commercial, so the burden on recipient countries is not light. For this reason, the African Development Fund (ADF) was established to complement AfDB's activities and provide soft loans. Membership was limited to independent African countries, but with the growing need for funds, an amendment to the founding agreement was adopted at the General Assembly in 1978, calling for the membership and contribution of countries outside the region. Despite opposition that this would remove African countries' decision-making power, it was ratified in May 1982. As of the end of 2009, 53 African countries and 24 non-African countries, including Japan, were members of the organization, and it has a General Council and a Board of Directors. Its headquarters are in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, but due to the country's political instability, it was temporarily relocated to Tunis, Tunisia in February 2003. [Kenji Akiyama] [References] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アフリカ地域の独立国の経済・社会開発を促進する目的で、1964年国連アフリカ経済委員会(ECA)の支援のもとに設立された地域金融機関。略称AfDB。目的達成のために、加盟国の経済協力関係の強化、開発計画の作成、融資、技術援助、開発資金の域内外からの調達、政府・民間資本の導入の促進などを行っている。貸付はおもに公共サービス、運輸、農業などのある程度収益性のあるプロジェクトに対してなされているが、融資条件が準コマーシャル・ベースであるため、被援助国の負担は軽くない。そのため、AfDBの活動を補完し、ソフト・ローンを提供するためにアフリカ開発基金(ADF)が設置されている。 加盟国はアフリカの独立国に限られていたが、資金需要の増大に伴って、域外国の加盟および出資を求める設立協定改定案が1978年の総会で採択され、アフリカ諸国の決定権を失わせるとの反対もあったが、1982年5月に批准。2009年末時点でアフリカ域内53か国および日本など域外24か国が加盟しており、機構には総務会、理事会がある。本部はコートジボワールのアビジャンに置かれているが、同国の政治が不安定であるため、2003年2月からは暫定的にチュニジアのチュニスに移転している。 [秋山憲治] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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