It is the main component of the hormone (prothoracic hormone) secreted from the prothoracic gland of insects, and induces molting and metamorphosis. It was isolated from silkworm pupae in 1954 by German biochemists Butenandt and Peter Karlson (1918-2001). It is a highly oxidized steroid compound, and was named α (alpha)-ecdysone and β (beta)-ecdysone (20-hydroxyecdysone) after the ecdysis process. The latter has stronger hormonal activity. 20-hydroxyecdysone was subsequently isolated from crustaceans, and is believed to be present in arthropods in general, not just insects. Similar compounds such as 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone have also been found in insects, and these similar compounds are collectively called ecdysteroids. Meanwhile, in the plant kingdom, more than 50 substances with the same action have been discovered to date, including 20-hydroxyecdysone, as well as ponasterone and cyasterone, which have not been found in insects; these are collectively known as phytoecdysteroids. Ecdysone is synthesized from cholesterol in the prothoracic gland in response to stimulation by prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), and its concentration in the body rises just before molting and metamorphosis. During molting, it promotes the secretion of new cuticle, and during metamorphosis, it promotes the formation of the cuticle of pupae and adults, and the morphogenesis of imaginal discs. Recently, ecdysone has also been found in insect ovaries, and it is thought that it may be related to egg maturation and embryonic development. [Yoshinori Fujimoto] [Reference item] | |The dotted bonds indicate substituents that are below the plane of the ring in the configuration . The structure of 20-hydroxyecdysone Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
昆虫の前胸腺(ぜんきょうせん)から分泌されるホルモン(前胸腺ホルモン)の本体であり、脱皮、変態を誘導する。1954年ドイツの生化学者ブーテナントおよびカールゾンPeter Karlson(1918―2001)によりカイコの蛹(さなぎ)から単離された。これは高度に酸化されたステロイド性化合物であり、脱皮ecdysisにちなんでα(アルファ)-エクジソンおよびβ(ベータ)-エクジソン(20-ヒドロキシエクジソン)と名づけられた。ホルモンとしての活性は後者のほうが強い。その後、20-ヒドロキシエクジソンは甲殻類からも単離されており、昆虫はもとより節足動物一般に存在するものと考えられている。このほか20,26-ジヒドロキシエクジソンなどの類似化合物が昆虫からみいだされており、類似化合物を総称してエクジステロイドとよぶ。一方、植物界にも、同じ作用をもつ物質が20-ヒドロキシエクジソンをはじめとして、昆虫にはみいだされていないポナステロン、シアステロンなど現在までに50種以上発見されており、これらは植物エクジステロイドと総称される。エクジソンは前胸腺刺激ホルモン(PTTH)の刺激により前胸腺でコレステロールから生合成され、脱皮時、変態時直前に体内濃度が上昇する。脱皮時には新クチクラの分泌、変態時には蛹および成虫のクチクラ形成、成虫原基の形態形成などを促す。最近、昆虫の卵巣からもエクジソンが発見され、卵の成熟や胚(はい)発生にも関係があるのではないかと考えられている。 [藤本善徳] [参照項目] | |点線の結合は、立体配置において環面より下側にある置換基を示す©Shogakukan"> 20-ヒドロキシエクジソンの構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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