Kanso - Kanso

Japanese: カンソ - かんそ
Kanso - Kanso

...The work is often concluded with a concluding stanza, called a commiato or congedo, which is usually shorter than the preceding stanza. The origin of canzone is said to be in the Provencal canso, but this is not certain. The classical canzone form survived until the 20th century, but the 17th-century poet A. Guidi (1650-1712) invented the free canzone form, in which each stanza varies in length and internal structure, and Leopardi also used the same form.

From [Medieval Music]

…All of these songs were based on the idea that, as the troubadour Fouquet de Marseilles put it, “Poetry without singing is like a mill without water.” One form of poetry was called canso (song), which is similar to the Japanese tanka poem, which is called song. With the Albigensian Crusade and the marriages of aristocrats as catalysts, the creation of secular songs spread to northern France, and was eventually inherited in the German cultural sphere. …

From [Troubadour]

...In the Middle Ages, where men were basically respected and women were despised, this was an extremely unusual idea, and when we consider the depth of its influence on later generations, the comment by C. Seignobos that "love is an invention of the 12th century" is not necessarily an exaggeration. The poetic form that the troubadours favored to sing of this new love was the canso (a chanson in the language of Oîte (northern France)). This is a fixed form of poetry consisting of five to seven stanzas, each consisting of eight lines of eight syllables, and the final stanza may sometimes be concluded with a short tanka. ...

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Kanso" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…一連の詩節の最後に,コンミアートcommiatoないしコンジェードcongedoと呼ばれる,先行詩節より通常短い結びの節が置かれて作品が締めくくられる場合が多い。カンツォーネの起源はプロバンス語詩のカンソcansoにあるとも言われるが定かではない。古典的なカンツォーネ形式は20世紀に至るまで命脈を保ったが,一方,長さや内部構造が各詩節ごとに異なる〈自由カンツォーネ形式canzone libera〉が17世紀の詩人A.グイーディ(1650‐1712)によって創案され,後のレオパルディも同様の詩型を用いている。…

【中世音楽】より

…これらの歌は,いずれも,トルバドゥールのフーケ・ド・マルセーユ(フォルケ・ド・マルセリャ)が言い表したように,〈歌われない詩は,水の流れていない水車のようなものだ〉という考え方に基づいていた。詩の形式の一つにカンソcanso(歌)と呼ばれるものがあったが,日本の短歌が歌と呼ばれるのと一脈あい通じるところがある。アルビジョア十字軍や貴族の結婚などを契機として,世俗歌の創作活動は,北フランスに波及し,やがてはドイツ文化圏においても継承された。…

【トルバドゥール】より

…基本的に男性尊重,女性蔑視の中世にあっては,きわめて異例の発想であり,後代への影響の深さを考えるとき,〈愛は12世紀の発明である〉(C.セニョボス)という評言は必ずしも誇張とはいえない。 この新しい愛を歌うのに,トルバドゥールの重用した詩型はカンソcanso(オイル語(北フランス)のシャンソン)であった。これは原則として8音綴の詩行8からなる詩節を5~7連ねた定型詩であって,最終詩節を短い反歌で締めくくる場合もある。…

※「カンソ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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