Kunitama no Kami - Kunitama no Kami

Japanese: 国魂神 - くにたまのかみ
Kunitama no Kami - Kunitama no Kami

As the Manyoshu states, "It is sad to see the desolate and desolate capital of the gods of Sasanami," ancient people believed that each country had an inherent spiritual power, that the rise and fall of that power determined the rise and fall of the country, and that the possession of that power was linked to the right to rule. This spiritual power is the kokutama (national spirit). In ancient documents, there are shrines with the name Kunitama in Hitachi (Shoku Nihon Koki), Owari (Montoku Jitsuroku), Tsushima (Sandai Jitsuroku), Settsu, Kawachi, Izumi, Ise, Totomi, Izu, Mutsu, Noto, and Iki (all in the Shikijinmyocho). The Okunitama god in the Kojiki (the child of Otoshi no Kami) and Nihon Shoki (another name for Okuninushi no Mikoto) is the Kunitama god of the entire country, combining all of these. Although there are no records of Okunitama-no-kami's activities or rituals, the Emperor mythically owns the entire country due to the land offerings of Okuninushi-no-Mikoto, whose name was also added as an additional name. In the "Sujin-ki," Yamato-Okunitama-no-Mikoto (the deity enshrined at Yamato Shrine), who was enshrined in the Imperial Palace together with Amaterasu-Omikami, was in fact considered to be the same as Okunitama-no-Mikoto. The evidence for this is the joint worship of this imperial ancestor, the report in the "Jitō-ki" (6th year of the New Capital), and the offerings of tributes from Silla received at the Ise, Kii, and Sumiyoshi Grand Shrines.

[Yoshii Iwao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

『万葉集』に「楽浪(ささなみ)の国つ御神(みかみ)のうらさびて荒れたる京(みやこ)見れば悲しも」とあるように、古代人はそれぞれの国土には霊威が内在し、その霊威の盛衰が国の興亡を左右し、またその霊威の所有が支配権に結び付くと考えていた。この霊威が国魂である。古代の文献には、常陸(ひたち)(『続(しょく)日本後紀』)、尾張(おわり)(『文徳(もんとく)実録』)、対馬(つしま)(『三代実録』)、摂津、河内(かわち)、和泉(いずみ)、伊勢(いせ)、遠江(とおとうみ)、伊豆、陸奥(むつ)、能登(のと)、壱岐(いき)(以上、『式神名帳(しきじんみょうちょう)』)に国魂の名をもつ神社がみえ、『古事記』(大年神(おおとしのかみ)の子)、『日本書紀』(大国主命(おおくにぬしのみこと)の亦名(またのな))の大国魂(おおくにたま)神は、これらを総合した国全体の国魂神である。大国魂神の活動や祭祀(さいし)は文献にみえないが、この名を亦名として加えられた大国主命の国土献上により、天皇は神話的に全国土を保有する。「崇神(すじん)紀」に、天照大神(あまてらすおおみかみ)とともに皇居に祀(まつ)られていた倭(やまと)大国魂神(大和(おおやまと)神社の祭神)は、事実上大国魂神と同一視されていた。この皇祖神との併祭や、「持統(じとう)紀」(6年新京)の報告、また新羅(しらぎ)の調(みつぎ)の奉献を伊勢・紀伊・住吉(すみよし)の大社とともに受けていることがその根拠となる。

[吉井 巖]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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