Knietsh - Theophil Josef Rudolf Knietsh

Japanese: クニーチ - くにーち(英語表記)Theophil Josef Rudolf Knietsh
Knietsh - Theophil Josef Rudolf Knietsh

German chemical engineer. Graduated from the Technical University of Berlin. In 1898, he succeeded in industrializing the contact process for the production of sulfuric acid at Badische Aniline und Soda Fabrik (now BASF), revolutionizing the inorganic chemical industry. In the second half of the 19th century, the demand for concentrated sulfuric acid increased due to the development of the synthetic dye industry, but concentrated sulfuric acid could not be produced by the lead chamber process that had been used until then, and was obtained by dry distillation of iron sulfate. Knitzsch perfected a method to convert sulfurous acid gas into sulfuric anhydride in the presence of excess oxygen using platinum as a catalyst. The industrialization of this contact process for the production of sulfuric acid made it possible to mass-produce synthetic dyes such as alizarin and indigo. He also perfected an industrial method for liquefying chlorine gas in 1888.

[Kato Kunioki]

[Reference] | Alizarin | Indigo | Lead chamber method | Contact method | BASF

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ドイツの化学技術者。ベルリン工科大学卒業。1898年、バーディシェ・アニリン・ウント・ソーダ・ファブリク社(現、BASF)において接触法による硫酸製造法の工業化に成功し、無機化学工業を一新した。19世紀後半、濃硫酸の需要は合成染料工業の発展により拡大したが、濃硫酸はそれまでの鉛室法では生産できず、硫酸鉄を乾留して得られていた。クニーチは白金を触媒として過剰の酸素の存在下で亜硫酸ガスを無水硫酸とする方法を完成した。この接触法硫酸製造法の工業化によって、アリザリンやインジゴのような合成染料が大量に生産できるようになった。また1888年に塩素ガスの工業的液化法を完成した。

[加藤邦興]

[参照項目] | アリザリン | インジゴ | 鉛室法 | 接触法 | BASF

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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