Oral Proclamation - Kuzen

This is a document in which the secretary, Shikijikurodo, conveys the Emperor's decree to the Shokei, who is the noble in charge of government affairs at the Daijokan on that day. Originally, the official way to convey an imperial decree was for the Shikiji to go to the jinnoza of the Left and Right Konoe Jin in the Imperial Palace and convey it orally to the Shokei. However, if requested by the Shokei or to convey it at an ad hoc location other than the jinnoza, the Shikiji would hand over a memorandum with the imperial decree written down on paper. This was called a kounen. The format of the oral decree, which was formulated around the end of the 11th century, is written with the date and "senji" (imperial decree) in one missing character on the first line, the gist of the requirements written on the following lines, and finally the shiki's rank (signature) and "uketamawaru" (submitted) in small writing. When the oral decree was conveyed to the Dajokan, the appropriate department of the Dajokan issued a formal document such as an imperial edict, imperial decree, official document, official letter, official decree, official decree, or official decree. In contrast, the draft of the oral decree is called an kosen-an. From the mid-Kamakura period onwards, when temporary investiture, appointment, and promotion of positions were carried out, the shiki was given an kosen-an directly to the person concerned, without going through the Dajokan, by direct order of the In or the Emperor, and replaced with a formal appointment document. The format of the oral declaration is slightly different from that of the kosen, and is characterized by the inscription "Kousen-an" (oral declaration) on the inside edge and the name of the lord to the right of the date.

[Masahiro Tomita]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

天皇の勅旨(ちょくし)を秘書役の職事蔵人(しきじくろうど)が太政官(だいじょうかん)の当日の政務担当公卿(くぎょう)である上卿(しょうけい)に伝える文書。本来、勅旨の伝宣（伝達）は、職事が内裏の左・右近衛陣(このえのじん)の陣座(じんのざ)に赴き、口頭で上卿に伝えるのが正式の方法であった。しかし、上卿から求められた場合、あるいは陣座以外の臨機の場で伝宣する場合は、職事は勅旨を紙上に書き留めた覚書を渡した。これを口宣と称した。11世紀末ごろ定式化された口宣の様式は、初行に日付そして1字分闕字(けつじ)にして「宣旨(せんじ)」と書き、次行以下に、要件の要旨のみを記し、最後に、職事の位署(いしょ)（署名）そして、「奉(うけたまわる)」と小書きする。口宣が太政官に伝えられると、太政官のしかるべき部署から、詔(しょう)、勅(ちょく)、官符(かんぷ)、官牒(かんちょう)、官宣旨(かんせんじ)、宣旨などの正式文書が発給された。これに対し、口宣の案文(あんもん)を口宣案という。鎌倉時代中ごろ以降、臨時の叙位、任官および補任(ぶにん)、待遇付与などを行う際、職事は、院または天皇の直接命令により、太政官を経ず、直接当事者に口宣案を与え、正式の辞令文書にかえた。口宣案の様式は、口宣と多少異なり、口宣の日付右肩に上卿の名を、端裏に「口　宣案」という銘を加える点が特徴である。

［富田正弘］

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