Born: March 25, 1942 in Memphis, Tennessee
[Died] August 16, 2018. American singer from Detroit, Michigan. Full name Aretha Louise Franklin. She built the golden age of soul music in the 1960s. Her mother was a gospel singer (→ gospel song), and her father was a pastor at a church in Detroit and a preacher known throughout the United States. Her parents divorced when she was six years old. From her early teens, she accompanied her father on his missionary activities and sang hymns in cities all over the United States, and was called a genius singer. At the age of 18, with her father's approval, she switched from religious music to general music, moved to New York City, and made her debut on Columbia Records. In 1966, she moved to Atlantic Records and returned to her roots in gospel and blues, achieving great success. In 1967, her first million-seller was "I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Love You)." This was a time when the civil rights movement was gaining momentum and black urban music was becoming popular. Franklin was hailed as the "Queen of Soul" and released a string of hits, including her cover of Otis Redding's "Respect" (1967) and her own "Think" (1968). Her 1972 cover of "Amazing Grace" is considered one of the most timeless gospel masterpieces. She didn't have many hits in the late 1970s, but she returned to the top with "Jump to It" in 1982. In 1987, she became the first female artist to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Franklin
Franklin, Benjamin Born January 17, 1706 in Boston
[Died] April 17, 1790. Philadelphia. American writer, publisher, inventor, scientist, diplomat, and politician. Born into a poor family, he was the 15th of 17 children and became a printer. In 1721, he founded the newspaper, the New England Courant. In 1731, he established the Philadelphia Reading Society, and in 1749, he helped establish the Philadelphia Academy (University of Pennsylvania). From 1746 to 1747, he conducted research on electricity, proving that lightning is an electrical phenomenon, and in 1749, he invented the lightning rod. He also explained positive and negative charge states as an excess or deficiency of electric fluid. In 1751, he published the famous collection of letters, Experiments and Observations on Electricity. In 1754, he proposed the Albany Convention (→Albany Convention). From 1764 to 1775, he served in England as the representative of Pennsylvania, and in 1765, he testified in the British Parliament on the position of the colonists against the Stamp Act. He returned to the United States in 1875, and in 1876 he joined a mission sent by the Continental Congress to France to request economic and military aid, traveling to Paris and succeeding in concluding a treaty of alliance between France and the American colonies. After the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1883, he continued to work toward concluding a trade treaty between France and the United States. He served as Speaker of the Pennsylvania Assembly from 1885 to 1888. He attended the United States Constitutional Convention in 1887, and worked hard to reach a compromise on opposing points of view. His Autobiography is famous. Franklin
Franklin, Sir John Born 16 April 1786 in Spilsby, Lincolnshire
[Died] June 11, 1847.
British Arctic explorer. Joined the navy at age 14. Participated in an Arctic expedition in 1818. In 1819 led an overland Arctic expedition in northern Canada. Set out on the second Arctic expedition in 1825, exploring the north coast for 3,000 km. He was knighted in 1829. Served as Governor of Tasmania from 1836 to 1843. Set out in 1845 in search of the Northwest Passage, but went missing, causing the rare disaster in the history of exploration in which all 134 people were lost at sea. He was confirmed dead in 1859. Franklin Sound was named after him. His main work is "Narrative of a Journey to the Shores of the Polar Sea" (1823). Franklin
Franklin, Frederic Born: June 13, 1914, Liverpool, England
[Died] May 4, 2013. New York, New York, United States. British dancer. Debuted at Casino de Paris in 1931, and worked at Ballet de Markova-Dolin from 1935 to 1937. Joined Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo in 1938, and became maître de ballet in 1944. Served as a partner of A. Markova and A. Danilova. In 1953, she came to Japan with M. Slavenska, and danced in A Streetcar Named Desire, which was well received. She also held important positions at the Washington Ballet and American Ballet Theatre. Franklin
Franklin, William Buel Born: February 27, 1823, York, Pennsylvania
[Died] March 8, 1903, Hartford, Connecticut. American soldier. Brave general of the Union Army in the Civil War. Graduated from the United States Military Academy and participated in the Mexican-American War. In the Civil War, he participated in the Battle of Bull Run and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, and served as a brigadier general in the Campaign against Richmond (1862). He skillfully covered General G. McClellan's retreat, but was later criticized by A. Burnside for his poor performance in the Battle of Fredericksburg. In 1866, he left the Army and ran the Colt Patent Firearms Company in Hartford. Franklin
Franklin A town in northwestern Pennsylvania, United States. It is located about 100 km north of Pittsburgh. It is at the confluence of the French River and the Allegheny River, and because of its strategic location, France and Britain (later the United States) fought frequently there from 1750 onwards, and each side built a fort there. The town was named after B. Franklin. Oil drilling began in 1859, and at its peak it produced 2 million barrels. Until the 20th century, when the focus of oil drilling shifted to the Southwest, it was the center of oil production and refining in the United States. Population: 7,329 (1990). Franklin
Franklin, William [Born] 1731
[Died] November 16, 1813.
The son of B. Franklin, the British governor of the American colonies. He went to England with his father in 1757 to receive his education, and was appointed governor of the New Jersey colony in 1763. He took a stand on the British side over the Stamp Act of 1765, which caused a rift between him and his father. He was arrested by the Revolutionary Council during the War of Independence, and later went to England in 1778 to live there permanently. Franklin
Franklin, Edward Curtis Born March 1, 1862 in Kentucky, Gary
[Died] February 13, 1937, Palo Alto, California. American chemist. Professor at the University of Kansas and Stanford University. He measured and studied the solubility, electrical conductivity, and vapor pressure of various substances in liquid ammonia. Franklin
Franklin, James [Born] 1697
[Died] 1735
American printer. Brother of B. Franklin. Published the "New England Courant" from 1721 to 1726, and the "Rhode Island Gazette" in 1732. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
