Guadalajara (English spelling)

Japanese: グアダラハラ（英語表記）Guadalajara

The capital of Jalisco, in southwestern Mexico. Mexico's second largest city. It is located about 450 km west-northwest of Mexico City, in the left bank valley of the Santiago River, which flows out of Lake Chapala, about 50 km south. It is at the southwest end of the Mexican Plateau, at an altitude of about 1,550 m. The climate is dry and mild, except for the rainy season from June to mid-September. It was founded in 1531 and became the center of Indian slave hunting. As a result, conflicts with the Indians often occurred, and it was relocated several times in the first 10 years. In 1810, M. Hidalgo y Costilla, a leader of the Mexican independence movement, occupied it and issued an order to abolish slavery. It prospered as a commercial center of a vast agricultural region centered on corn cultivation and livestock farming, and since 1940, industry has developed rapidly, making it one of Mexico's leading industrial cities. The main industries are textiles, shoemaking, chemicals, construction materials, tobacco, and soft drinks, and handicrafts such as glass products, leatherwork, pottery, silver and copperwork, and hand weaving are also thriving. There are more than 50 churches in the city, including the cathedral built in 1618, and many beautiful buildings, such as the Governor's Palace and the Degoyado Theater, which are said to be some of the finest Spanish architecture in Mexico. The city was also the site of J.C. Orozco, a representative modern Mexican painter, who once worked on his artistic endeavors, and his works can be found throughout the city, including the murals in the Governor's Palace. One of these, Hospicio Cabañas, was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1997. The city is home to the University of Guadalajara (1792) and the Autonomous University of Guadalajara (1935). There is a major road and railway that connects Mexico City with Nogales, a town on the border with the United States. There is an international airport in the vicinity. Population: 1,628,617 (estimated 1990).

Guadalajara
Guadalajara

The capital of Guadalajara province in the Castile-La Mancha region in central Spain. It is located about 50 km northeast of Madrid, on the left bank of the Henares River. It has a typical continental climate, but is surrounded by the fertile Alcaria plain, famous for beekeeping, where wheat, barley, rye, grapes, and olives are also cultivated. In the Middle Ages, it was known as a center of the wool trade, and from the 15th to 17th centuries it was the capital of the Duchy of Mendoza. Part of the ducal palace (construction began in 1461) remains. The railway line between Madrid and Zaragoza runs through the city. Population: 62,943 (1991 estimate).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

メキシコ南西部，ハリスコ州の州都。メキシコ第2の都市。メキシコシティーの西北西約 450kmにあり，南約 50kmのチャパラ湖から流出するサンチアゴ川の左岸河谷に位置する。メキシコ高原の南西端部にあたり，標高約 1550m。6～9月中旬の雨季を除き，気候は乾燥し，温和。 1531年建設され，インディオの奴隷狩りの中心地となった。そのためしばしばインディオとの抗争が起こり，最初の 10年間に数回移転した。 1810年メキシコ独立運動の指導者 M.イダルゴ・イ・コスティリャが占領し，奴隷制廃止を発令した。トウモロコシ栽培と牧畜を中心とした広大な農業地帯の商業中心地として繁栄するとともに，1940年以降工業が急速に発達し，メキシコ有数の工業都市となっている。主要工業は繊維，製靴，化学，建設資材，たばこ，清涼飲料などで，ガラス製品，皮細工，陶器，銀・銅細工，手織りなどの手工業も盛ん。市内には 1618年に建造された大聖堂をはじめとする 50以上の聖堂があり，メキシコにおける最も優れたスペイン建築の一つといわれる知事邸，デゴヤド劇場など美しい建築物も多い。また現代メキシコの代表的画家 J. C.オロスコが一時制作活動を行なった地で，知事邸の壁画をはじめ，市内各地にその作品がある。その一つ，オスピシオ・カバーニャスは 1997年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。グアダラハラ大学 (1792) とグアダラハラ自治大学 (1935) の所在地。アメリカ合衆国との国境の町ノガレスとメキシコシティーを結ぶ幹線道路，鉄道が通る。近郊に国際空港がある。人口 162万 8617 (1990推計) 。

グアダラハラ
Guadalajara

スペイン中部，カスティリア・ラマンチャ州，グアダラハラ県の県都。マドリードの北東約 50km，エナレス川左岸に位置する。典型的な大陸性気候であるが，周辺には養蜂で有名な肥沃なアルカリア平原が広がり，コムギ，オオムギ，ライムギ，ブドウ，オリーブなども栽培される。中世には羊毛取引の中心として知られ，また 15～17世紀はメンドサ公領の首都となった。公の居館 (1461着工) の一部が残されている。マドリードとサラゴサを結ぶ鉄道が通る。人口6万 2943 (1991推計) 。

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