Petroleum coke

Japanese: 石油コークス - せきゆこーくす(英語表記)petroleum coke
Petroleum coke

Coke is obtained along with naphtha and diesel when the residual oil from the vacuum or atmospheric distillation of petroleum is thermally cracked at 490-640°C using various coking methods. The product obtained in this way is called raw coke, a porous solid with a specific gravity of about 1.7, and is mainly composed of carbon, but also contains about 10% volatile components. Raw coke is used as fuel, coke material for casting, for steelmaking, and as a raw material for carbide manufacturing. Raw coke is calcined at about 1,300°C to remove the volatile components, called calcined coke, which has a specific gravity of about 2 and is about 99% carbon, and is used as a raw material for carbon electrodes for aluminum refining and artificial graphite. The amount of sulfur and ash contained in both raw coke and calcined coke is often an issue, and it is often necessary to select the crude oil and desulfurize and demetalize the residual oil. With the increase in demand for aluminum since the 1960s, the demand for carbon electrodes has increased.

[Namba Seitaro]

[Reference item] | Caulking method
General properties of representative petroleum cokes
©Shogakukan ">

General properties of representative petroleum cokes


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

石油の減圧または常圧蒸留残油を各種のコーキング法により490~640℃で熱分解すると、ナフサ、軽油などとともに得られるコークス。このようにして得られたものは生(なま)コークスとよばれ、比重約1.7の多孔質の固体であり、主成分は炭素であるが、揮発成分を約10%含む。生コークスは、燃料、鋳物用コークス材、製鉄用、カーバイド製造原料などに用いられる。生コークスを約1300℃で焼成し、揮発成分を除去したものは煆焼(かしょう)コークスとよばれ、比重は約2で、約99%が炭素であり、アルミニウム精錬用炭素電極、人造黒鉛の原料などに使われる。生コークス、煆焼コークスとも含有する硫黄(いおう)分、灰分の量が問題になる場合が多く、原油の選択や原料残油の脱硫、脱金属を行わなければならない場合が多い。1960年代以降のアルミニウムの需要増大に伴い、炭素電極の需要が増している。

[難波征太郎]

[参照項目] | コーキング法
代表的石油コークスの一般特性
©Shogakukan">

代表的石油コークスの一般特性


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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