Galactic coordinates

Japanese: 銀河座標 - ぎんがざひょう
Galactic coordinates

A type of celestial coordinate system that represents the position of celestial bodies on the celestial sphere. It is a coordinate system created for the convenience of studying the positions and movements of celestial bodies in our galaxy, as well as the structure of the galaxy. In other words, the coordinate system is set as follows:

The great circle (the great circle on the celestial sphere where radio wave intensity is greatest) called the galactic equator (the equator in galactic coordinates, where galactic latitude is 0 degrees) is set along the Milky Way, and the direction of the center of the galaxy (a point in Sagittarius) is set as the starting point of the galactic coordinate longitude (called the galactic longitude), which is measured toward the constellation Cygnus. A point 90 degrees away from the galactic equator and in the constellation Coma Berenices is set as the north pole of the galactic coordinates. The angle from the galactic equator to a celestial object, that is, the angle measured like latitude, is the galactic latitude. The size of the angle is expressed in degrees, and is shown in units of degrees, minutes, and seconds. The galactic longitude and galactic latitude form the galactic coordinates.

The origin of the galactic longitude is in the direction of the center of the galaxy, and its right ascension and declination are 17:45.6 minutes and -28 degrees 56 minutes (Sagittarius), respectively, those of the North Galactic Pole are 12:51.4 minutes and 27 degrees 8.0 minutes (Coma Berenices), the right ascension of the intersection (ascending node) of the Galactic equator and celestial equator is 18:51.4 minutes, the galactic longitude of this intersection is 32 degrees 56 minutes (Aquila), and the inclination of the Galactic equator relative to the celestial equator is 62 degrees 52 minutes (all of the above are for the year 2000.0 equinox).

[Naoaki Owaki]

[References] | Milky Way | Coma Berenices | Galaxy | Celestial coordinates
Galactic Coordinates
©Shogakukan ">

Galactic Coordinates


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

天球上の天体の位置を表す座標、すなわち天球座標の一種。わが銀河系内の天体の位置・運動、さらに銀河系の構造などを研究するのに便利なようにつくられた座標である。すなわち、この座標は次のように設定されている。

 銀河赤道(銀河座標の赤道で、銀緯が0度となる)なる大円(天球上、電波強度が最大となる大円)を、ほぼ天の川に沿って設け、銀河系の中心方向(いて座の1点)を銀河座標の経度(銀経という)の起点とし、はくちょう座の方向へ測る。銀河赤道から90度離れ、かみのけ座にある点を銀河座標の北極とする。銀河赤道から天体までの角、つまり緯度のように測った角が銀緯である。角の大きさは角度で表わされ、度、分、秒の単位で示される。銀経と銀緯が銀河座標となる。

 銀経の起点は銀河系中心の方向で、その赤経・赤緯はそれぞれ17時45.6分、およびマイナス28度56分(いて座)、銀河北極のそれは12時51.4分、および27度8.0分(かみのけ座)、銀河赤道と天の赤道との交点(昇交点)の赤経は18時51.4分、この交点の銀経は32度56分(わし座)、銀河赤道の天の赤道に対する傾斜は62度52分である(以上いずれも2000.0年分点)。

[大脇直明]

[参照項目] | 天の川 | かみのけ座 | 銀河系 | 天球座標
銀河座標
©Shogakukan">

銀河座標


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