Aphrodisiac - aphrodisiac

Japanese: 強精剤 - きょうせいざい
Aphrodisiac - aphrodisiac

A drug used to treat male impotence, also known as an aphrodisiac. Yohimbine and other drugs are used as central stimulants for erectile dysfunction, but they have strong side effects, and if used in large quantities, they can cause kidney damage, central nervous system paralysis, and even death from respiratory paralysis. Cantharis, which is taken orally and is excreted in urine, strongly stimulates the urinary tract, causing the penis to erect, but this too carries the risk of causing nephritis. Ointments containing sex hormones that promote the development of the genitals and local anesthetics that are effective in maintaining an erection are also used. Hachimi-gan (Hachimi-jioh-gan) is the most famous in Chinese medicine, but ginseng, inyo-kaku, and wolfberry are also commonly used.

Although it is not an aphrodisiac, there is a drug called "Viagra" (sildenafil) that has become a hot topic worldwide as a treatment for erectile dysfunction, a type of sexual dysfunction in men. Sildenafil selectively inhibits cyclic GMP-specific phosphoesterase 5 (PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis, and inhibits the decomposition of cyclic GMP in the corpus cavernosum produced by stimulation of NO derived from nerves and cavernous endothelial cells, thereby relaxing the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum of the penis, increasing blood flow, and allowing the penis to become and remain erect. It was released in the United States in May 1998, and then became available in Europe and other countries around the world. It was released in Japan in March 1999. It is an oral medication, available in 25mg and 50mg tablets, and is a "prescription drug" that can only be issued with a doctor's diagnosis. It is strictly prohibited to use it in combination with vasodilators such as nitrates, nitroglycerin, and isosorbide dinitrate, as they will excessively lower blood pressure. It should also not be given to people with cardiovascular disorders.

Following Viagra, Levitra tablets (vardenafil) in 5mg, 10mg, and 20mg doses and Cialis tablets (tadalafil) in 5mg, 10mg, and 20mg doses were released.

[Fumiji Koho]

[References] | Impotence

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

男子の陰萎(いんい)(インポテンス)の治療に用いる薬剤で、催淫(さいいん)剤ともいう。勃起(ぼっき)中枢興奮薬としてヨヒンビンなどがあるが、副作用が強く、大量に用いると腎(じん)障害、中枢神経麻痺(まひ)などをおこし、呼吸麻痺死に至ることもある。内服すると尿中に排出されるとき尿路を強く刺激して陰茎を勃起させるものにカンタリス剤があるが、これも腎炎をおこす危険がある。また、性器の発育を促進させる性ホルモン剤、勃起維持に奏効する局所麻酔剤を含有する軟膏(なんこう)も用いられる。漢方では八味(はちみ)丸(八味地黄(じおう)丸)がもっとも有名であるが、人参(にんじん)、淫羊藿(いんようかく)、枸杞(くこ)子などもよく用いられる。

 催淫剤ではないが、男性の性機能障害である勃起不全(Erectile Dysfunction)の治療薬として、世界的話題になった「バイアグラ」(シルデナフィル)がある。シルデナフィルは陰茎海綿体のサイクリックGMP特異的ホスホエステラーゼ5(PDE5)を選択的に阻害し、神経および海綿体内皮細胞由来のNO刺激により産生された陰茎海綿体内のサイクリックGMP分解を抑制することにより、陰茎海綿体平滑筋を弛緩させ、血流量が増加し、陰茎を勃起、維持させる。1998年5月アメリカで発売され、続いてヨーロッパをはじめとして世界各国で使用されるようになった。日本では1999年(平成11)3月発売された。内服薬で、25mgと50mgの錠剤があり、医師の診断によってのみ交付される「処方せん医薬品」である。血管拡張剤である硝酸剤、ニトログリセリンや硝酸イソソルビドなどとの併用は過度に血圧を下降させるので厳禁。また心血管系障害のある人にも授与してはならない。

 バイアグラに続いて、「レビトラ錠」(バルデナフィル)5mg、10mg、20mg、「シアリス錠」(タダラフィル)5mg、10mg、20mgが発売された。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | インポテンス

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Forced cultivation system - Cultuur-stelsel

>>:  Administrative state - English spelling: administrative state

Recommend

Wig - Kazuramono

A classification of Noh plays. It is called a fema...

Towne, HR (English spelling) TowneHR

… [Emerging management issues] [Systematic Manage...

dura mater (English spelling) duramater

…the meninges encephali and the spinal cord menin...

Terms of War - cartel

In times of war, these are agreements made betwee...

Roppo (Roppo)

A term used in Kabuki and Bunraku puppet theatre. ...

Jalappa - Yarappa (English spelling)

A perennial vine of the Convolvulaceae family (AP...

Lupinus hirsutus (English spelling) Lupinushirsutus

… [Eiichi Asayama]. … *Some of the terminology th...

Horseman - Umakata

A businessperson who transports people and goods ...

Acryllium vulturinum (English spelling) Acryllium vulturinum

...The legs are strong and well developed. The fo...

Metal mold casting - something impossible

...Also, a vacuum molding method (V process) has ...

White-tailed eagle (English spelling)

A bird of the order Accipitridae, family Accipitri...

Agnosia - agnosia

It refers to a state in which an object cannot be ...

Neanthes virens - Neanthes virens

It is an annelid of the Polychaeta family Nereidae...

Akebonozasa - Akebonozasa

...Distichus (also called Kirinchiku) is used for...

Ietada's Diary

This is a 7-volume diary that covers the period fr...