…Although originally a musical instrument or a weapon, the character eventually came to mean a useful tool, and in the late Edo period the Dutch word machine was translated as 器 (kigi) or 器 (utensil). The Dutch and English words machine originally came from the Greek word mechane. Mechane entered Latin and became machina, which then changed into modern European languages. … From [Stage Set]…For example, ancient Greek theatre was first performed in a circular earthen floor called the orchestra, a space without any stage equipment. Later, the periaktoi, a triangular prism with three sides painted with pictures, was invented to change the scene, and the mechane, a crane-like device that made gods appear from the sky, was invented. Later, when perspective was discovered in Italy during the Renaissance, it was put to practical use as a backdrop for indoor theatre performances, greatly improving stage equipment. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "mēchanē" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…もとは楽器や武器であったにせよ,この文字はやがて役に立つ道具という意味で用いられるようになり,幕末にオランダ語のmachineを訳すときも〈器械〉や〈器〉の語が用いられた。 オランダ語や英語のmachineはもとギリシア語のメカネmēchanēからできた語である。メカネがラテン語に入ってマキナmachinaになり,それがヨーロッパの各近代語に変わったのである。… 【舞台装置】より…例えば古代ギリシア演劇は,最初は装置のなにもない場所,オルケストラとよばれる円形の土間で上演された。その後ペリアクトイperiaktoiと呼ばれる三角柱の3面それぞれに絵を描いた装置を回転させて場面を変化させたり,神々を空から登場させるメカネmēchanēというクレーンのような装置(デウス・エクス・マキナ)が考案された。 時代はずっと下り,ルネサンス期にイタリアで遠近法が発見されると,それは屋内劇場の演劇の背景装置として実用化され,舞台装置を大いに発達させることになった。… ※「mēchanē」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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