Abū al-asan 'Alī al-Ash'arii (English spelling)

Japanese: アシュアリー - あしゅありー(英語表記)Abū al-asan ‘Alī al-Ash‘arī
Abū al-asan 'Alī al-Ash'arii (English spelling)

Islamic theologian. Founder of the Ash'ari sect, which represents Sunni theology. Born in Basra, Iraq, and died in Baghdad. He was an ardent Mu'tazilite theologian, but at the age of 40, he received teachings from the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammed) in a dream, and thereafter became a critic of the Mu'tazilites. His theology differs from the Mu'tazilites in determinism, non-creation of the Quran, and agnosticism regarding God's justice and reward and punishment. His book, "Theories of Muslims," ​​concisely summarizes the doctrines of the Shiite sects and the Mu'tazilites, and is important for the study of early Islamic thought. After his death, Ash'ari theology was perfected as a form of metaphysics by al-Bāqillānī (?-1013), and it was adopted as a major subject at the Nizamiyya Masjid, becoming a representative form of orthodox Islamic theology.

[Masataka Takeshita April 18, 2018]

[References] | Islamic Theology | Sunni School | Nizamiyya School | Mu'tazila School

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イスラム神学者。スンニー派神学を代表するアシュアリー派の祖。イラクのバスラに生まれ、バグダードで没した。熱心なムゥタジラ派の神学者であったが、40歳のとき、夢で預言者ムハンマド(マホメット)の教えを受け、以後ムゥタジラ派の批判者となった。彼の神学は、決定論、コーラン非創造説、神の正義と賞罰に対する不可知論などで、ムゥタジラ派と異なる。また、その著作『イスラム教徒の諸説』にはシーア諸派やムゥタジラ派などの教義が簡潔に整理されており、初期イスラム思想研究のうえで重要である。アシュアリー神学は、彼の死後、バーキッラーニーal-Bāqillānī(?~1013)により、形而上(けいじじょう)学としても完成、ニザーミーヤ学院では主要課目として採用され、イスラム正統派神学を代表するものとなった。

[竹下政孝 2018年4月18日]

[参照項目] | イスラム神学 | スンニー派 | ニザーミーヤ学院 | ムゥタジラ派

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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