Reading marks - kunten

Japanese: 訓点 - くんてん

A general term for characters and symbols written into original Chinese texts to indicate how they are read. Generally, punctuation marks, furigana, and furigana are used. Furigana is mainly written in katakana, but in recent times hiragana has also been used. The writing of kunten began around the end of the 8th century, and at first only punctuation marks and furigana were used, but in the 9th century furigana and furigana also appeared. Initially, Man'yōgana, hiragana, and katakana were used in combination, and in many cases they were used in combination with 'o koto ten'. From around the 10th century, katakana was used exclusively for kana. 'o koto ten' was at its peak around the 12th century, and later, kunten with only katakana became more common. Some were written down as a memo after listening to a lecture, while others were carefully recorded by the instructor to indicate the correct reading method. Languages with kunten have a unique place in the history of Japanese writing, and have had a major influence on other records and literary works. Furthermore, ancient readings are valued as historical materials in Japanese linguistics, and are called reading materials.
→ Related topics Kasuga Politics | Katakana | Kundoku | Japanese Language Studies | Hiragana

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

漢文の訓読を示すため，原漢文に記入した文字・符号の総称。一般に句読点，返り点，送り仮名および振り仮名を用いる。振り仮名は片仮名が主だが近時は平仮名をも交用する。訓点の記入は８世紀末ごろから生じ，最初は句読点，返り点のみであったが，９世紀に入ると振り仮名，送り仮名も生じた。当初は万葉仮名，平仮名，片仮名を併用し，また多くは〈をこと点〉と交用した。10世紀ごろから仮名は片仮名がもっぱら用いられた。をこと点は12世紀ごろが最盛期で，後には次第に片仮名だけの訓点が多くなった。講義を聞いて備忘のために記入するものと，教授者が正しい訓法をていねいに記録したものとがあり，訓点をつけた言語は日本語の文章史上，特異な位置を占め，他の記録文や文学作品に大きい影響を与えた。また古訓点は国語学史料として重視され，訓点資料と称される。
→関連項目春日政治｜片仮名｜訓読｜国語学｜平仮名

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