Gutzlaff, Karl Friedrich August

Japanese: ギュツラフ - Ｇｕ¨ｔｚｌａｆｆ，ＫａｒｌＦｒｉｅｄｒｉｃｈＡｕｇｕｓｔ

Year of death: 1851.8.9 (1851.8.9)
Born: July 8, 1803
The first Japanese translator of the Bible and a missionary in the mid-19th century. Born in Prussia, he received a missionary education in Berlin, and was sent to Batavia by the Dutch Missionary Society in 1823, but later transferred to the London Missionary Society, and after evangelizing in Siam and other places, he established his base in Macau. In 1833, he visited Korea, Taiwan, and the Ryukyus, and with the ambition of evangelizing Japan, he published the first Japanese translation of the Bible, "The Gospel of the Testament," and then "The Testament, Vol. 1, 2, and 3," in Singapore in 1837, with the cooperation of Iwamatsu and other Owari castaways who had been sent to Macau. In the same year, he attempted to visit Japan aboard the Morrison with Iwamatsu and others, but was bombarded off the coast of Kanagawa and Kagoshima and had to turn back. He worked as an interpreter during the Opium Wars, and later became a commercial secretary for the Hong Kong government. He excelled in languages and was the most knowledgeable person in East Asia of his time. However, his hasty and rough evangelistic method of employing many Chinese people and distributing Bibles and other materials, backed by British military power, was also criticized in the West. The school run by his second wife Mary was the origin of the Morrison School. Her nephew, HS Parkes, was the British envoy to Japan.

(Rui Kohiyama)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：1851.8.9(1851.8.9)
生年：1803.7.8
19世紀半ばの最初の聖書和訳者,宣教師。プロシアに生まれ,ベルリンで伝道教育を受け,オランダ伝道会より1823年にバタヴィアに派遣されるが,ロンドン宣教会に転じ,シャムなどで伝道ののち,マカオを拠点とする。1833年朝鮮,台湾,琉球を訪ね,日本開教の志を抱き,マカオに送られていた尾張漂流民の岩松らの協力を得て,1837年最初の邦訳聖書『約翰福音之伝』,次いで『約翰上中下書』をシンガポールで出版した。同年,岩松らとモリソン号に同乗し日本を訪ねようとしたが,神奈川沖,鹿児島で砲撃を受け引き返した。アヘン戦争で通訳として活躍,その後香港政庁商務官となる。語学に秀でた当代随一の東アジア通。だが,英国の軍事力を背景に,多くの中国人を雇い,聖書などを配布する性急で荒い伝道方式は欧米で批判の対象ともなる。2番目の妻メリーの塾はモリソン学校の源流。その甥H.S.パークスは英駐日全権公使。<参考文献>都田恒太郎『ギュツラフとその周辺』

(小檜山ルイ)

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