This refers to the gap (spacing) between a pair of spherical electrodes (spherical electrodes) used to measure high voltages. When a voltage is applied between two copper (or brass) spherical electrodes, the voltage at which a discharge starts (spark voltage) is almost constant if the diameter of the spherical electrodes, the length of the gap, and the relative air density (the ratio of the air density to the standard conditions of 20°C and 1 atm) are constant. By utilizing this property, the spark voltage can be found by applying the voltage to be measured to the spherical gap and measuring the length of the gap when a discharge (more precisely, a spark discharge) starts. When measuring, preliminary discharges are first performed several times to remove minute protrusions, moisture, dust, etc. on the electrode surface and obtain a stable spark discharge. It is desirable to use a gap length within the range of 0.05 to 0.4 times the diameter of the spherical electrodes. An error of about 3 to 5% should be considered. Voltage measurement using a spherical gap is widely used for DC voltage, AC voltage, lightning impulse voltage, and switching impulse voltage. Details of the measurement method are described in detail in the International Electrotechnical Standards (IEC standards; IEC = international standards established by the International Electrotechnical Commission). [Naoyuki Uchida] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
高電圧の測定に使用される一対の球電極(球状の電極)のギャップ(間隔)をいう。銅(あるいは黄銅)の二つの球電極間に電圧を印加するとき、球電極の直径、そのギャップの長さ、および相対空気密度(20℃、1気圧の標準状態を基準としたときの空気密度の比)を一定にすると放電を開始する電圧(火花電圧)は、ほぼ一定となる。この性質を利用して、測定したい電圧を球ギャップに加えて、放電(正確には火花放電)を開始するときのギャップの長さを測ると、火花電圧を知ることができる。測定にあたっては、電極表面に存在する微小な突起、水分、ちりなどを取り去り安定な火花放電を得るために、予備放電を最初に何回か行う。ギャップの長さは球の直径の0.05~0.4倍の範囲内で使用することが望ましい。誤差は3~5%程度を考えておく必要がある。球ギャップによる電圧測定は、直流電圧、交流電圧のほか、雷インパルス電圧や開閉インパルス電圧に対しても広く使用されている。なお、測定法の詳細については、国際電気標準規格(IEC規格。IEC=国際電気標準会議が定めた国際規格)に詳しく記載されている。 [内田直之] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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