Goshi

Japanese: 呉子 - ごし

A military strategist from the Warring States period in China. His name was Qi. His life is detailed in the Records of the Grand Historian, "Biographies of Sun Tzu and Wu Qi." According to this, he was from Wei (Henan Province) and loved military strategy, and studied Confucianism under Zengzi in Lu. He later became a general in Lu, defeated Qi and achieved military success, but was slandered and fell from grace. He fled to Wei and served Wen Hou, attacking Qin and taking five cities. He was appointed governor of Xihe and achieved great success as a politician. After Wen Hou's death, he was pursued by Wu Hou (reigned 395-370 BC) and fled to Chu, where he served King Dao (reigned 401-381 BC). As prime minister, he carried out reforms, but was attacked by a coup d'état by the old powers and met a tragic end. He is said to have left behind the military strategy book "Wu Zi."

[Masao Shinoda December 14, 2015]

"Wu Tzu"

This is one of the seven books of the Chinese military strategy book, the Classic of War. It has been said to have been written by Wu Qi, but there are various theories as to whether it was written by his disciple or a forgery written by a later person, and it is not clear. According to the Han Feizi and the Records of the Grand Historian, it was popular and widely read during the Warring States and Qin and Han periods, along with the Art of War, but it is not clear whether it is the six volumes of the current Wu Zi. The oldest Chinese book catalog, the Book of Han, lists 48 volumes of Wu Qi, and the Gunsai Reading Journal by Chao Gongwu (1105-1180) of the Song dynasty states that it is "about six volumes in three volumes, including Lectures, Feeding the Enemy, Controlling the War, Debating the General, Change, and Encouraging the Soldier." The book also states that "These six chapters were compiled and edited by Lu Xisheng of the Tang Dynasty," so although there are some differences in the titles, it seems safe to assume that the current book has been read and passed down since the Tang Dynasty. There are various theories about the relationship between the 48 chapters in the "Han Zhi," including the theory that some have remained, the theory that they have been omitted, the theory that they are separate, and the theory that they have been condensed, but all of these are merely speculation. In terms of content, while "The Art of War" has a profound ideology, "The Wu Tzu" is colored by Confucianism and is considered to lack depth.

[Masao Shinoda December 14, 2015]

"Chinese Thought 10: Sun Tzu, Wu Tzu, Wei Liao Tzu, Six Secrets, Three Strategies" by Murayama Makoto et al. (1967/revised and expanded edition, 1973, Tokuma Shoten/retitled "Sun Tzu and Wu Tzu", Tokuma Bunko)" ▽ "New Interpretation of the Chinese Classics Series 36: Sun Tzu and Wu Tzu" (edited and written by Amano Shizuo et al. (1972, Meiji Shoin)" ▽ "Chinese Classical Literature Series 4: Lao Tzu, Zhuang Tzu, Lie Tzu, Sun Tzu, Wu Tzu" translated by Kanaya Osamu et al. (1973, Heibonsha)" ▽ "Complete Interpretation of the Chinese Classics Series 22: Sun Tzu and Wu Tzu" translated by Yamai Wu (1975, Shueisha) " ▽ "Complete Interpretation of the Chinese Classics Series 5: Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 2: The Biography of Sun Tzu and Wu Qi" translated by Noguchi Sadao et al. (1959, Heibonsha)"

[References] | Zengzi | Wenhou

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、戦国時代の兵法家。名は起(き)。その生涯については『史記(しき)』「孫子(そんし)呉起列伝」に詳しい。それによれば、衛(えい)（河南省）の人で兵法を好み、魯(ろ)で曽子(そうし)について儒学を学ぶ。のち魯の将軍となり、斉(せい)を破り戦功をあげるが、中傷にあって失脚。魏(ぎ)に逃れて文侯(ぶんこう)に仕え、秦(しん)を攻めて五城を落とす。西河の守に任ぜられ、政治家としての治績大いにあがる。文侯の死後、武侯（在位前395〜前370）に追われ、楚(そ)に亡命、悼(とう)王（在位前401〜前381）に仕える。宰相として改革を断行するが、旧勢力のクーデターにあい、非業の最期を遂げた。兵法書『呉子』を世に残したとされる。

［篠田雅雄　2015年12月14日］

『呉子』

中国の兵法書武経(ぶけい)七書の一つ。呉起の著作といわれてきたが、門下の作か、後人の手になる偽書か、諸説あって定まらない。『韓非子(かんぴし)』や『史記』によれば、『孫子』と並んで、戦国・秦漢(しんかん)の世に普及し、広く人々に読まれていたとあるが、それが現行の『呉子』6編であるかどうかもはっきりしない。中国最古の図書目録『漢書(かんじょ)』の「芸文志(げいもんし)」には『呉起』48編とみえ、宋(そう)の晁公武(ちょうこうぶ)（1105―1180ころ）『郡斎(ぐんさい)読書志』には「説、料敵、治兵、論将、変化、励士、凡(およ)そ六篇(ぺん)三巻」とある。また同書に「この六篇は唐の陸希声(りくきせい)が整理編集した」とあることから、編名に若干の相違はあっても、現行本が唐代以後読み継がれてきたとみなしてよさそうである。「漢志」所載の48編との関係についても、一部残存説、省略説、別個説、圧縮説など諸説あるが、いずれも推測の域を出ていない。内容的にみて、『孫子』が深遠ともいえる思想性をもつのに対して、『呉子』は儒家的色彩を帯び、深みに乏しいとされている。

［篠田雅雄　2015年12月14日］

『村山孚他著『中国の思想10　孫子・呉子・尉繚子・六韜・三略』（1967／改訂増補版・1973・徳間書店／改題『孫子・呉子』・徳間文庫）』▽『天野鎮雄他編・著『新釈漢文大系36　孫子・呉子』（1972・明治書院）』▽『金谷治他訳『中国古典文学大系4　老子・荘子・列子・孫子・呉子』（1973・平凡社）』▽『山井湧訳『全釈漢文大系22　孫子・呉子』（1975・集英社）』▽『野口定男他訳『中国古典文学全集5　史記　下　孫子呉起列伝』（1959・平凡社）』

[参照項目] | 曽子 | 文侯

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