... The key point is how the poetics of oral literature differs from that of written literature. In this regard, the research of M. Parry and A. B. Lord must be mentioned. They collected a large number of Serbo-Croatian epics and songs in Yugoslavia, where the oral tradition is still strongly alive, and by directly interacting with the narrators and singers, they have thoroughly elucidated the ongoing process of how oral literature is created and transmitted. From Homer...On the other hand, scholars who do not support the theory of multiple authors, while acknowledging some impurities in both poems, emphasized the overall unity of the works and insisted that at least one author should be acknowledged for each, and the debate between the "analytical" and "unificationist" schools went nowhere for a long time. However, in the 1930s, M. Parry of the United States demonstrated through a thorough study of formulaic phrases that both poems were oral poems created by making full use of the techniques of improvisational recitation accumulated by several generations of oral poets, and A. B. Lord, Paris's successor who conducted a field survey of Yugoslav oral epic poetry that is still alive today, showed that it is possible to create long epic poems without writing. For this reason, in recent years, the contradictions in the work and the repetition of the same verses or lines, which were previously used as grounds for the theory of multiple authorship, have come to be correctly understood as evidence that Homer's epics were oral poems, and the recognition that a great creator who stood at the pinnacle of the oral epic tradition created two epics with structures roughly similar to today's Iliad and Odyssey seems to be taking hold. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Lord, AB" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 肝心なのは,口承文芸の詩学が文字文芸のそれといかに違っているかにある。この点につきぜひ言及せねばならぬのは,パリーM.ParryとロードA.B.Lordの研究である。彼らは口承伝統のなお強く生き続けているユーゴスラビアで,セルビア・クロアチア語の叙事詩や歌を数多く採集し,語り手,歌い手ともじかに接することにより,口承文芸がいかに作られいかに伝えられているか,その進行形の過程をつぶさに解明した。… 【ホメロス】より…これに対して,複数作者論に与(くみ)しない学者たちは,両詩の中に少の夾雑物を認めつつも,作品の全体的な統一性を強調して,少なくともおのおのに一人の作者を認めるべきと主張して譲らず,〈分析派〉と〈統一派〉の議論は久しく平行線をたどるのみであった。 しかしながら,1930年代に入ると,アメリカのパリM.Parryは定型句の徹底的な研究を通じて,両詩が幾世代にもわたる口誦詩人たちが蓄積した即興詩吟誦の技法を縦横に駆使してつくられた口誦詩であることを論証し,またパリの後継者で,今なお命脈を保つユーゴスラビアの口誦叙事詩を実地調査したロードA.B.Lordは,文字なくしても長大な叙事詩の制作が可能であることを示した。このため近年では,従来,複数作者論の根拠とされていた作中の前後矛盾や同一の詩句・詩行の繰り返し等は,逆にホメロスの叙事詩が口誦詩であることを示す証拠と正しく理解されるようになり,口誦叙事詩の伝統の頂点に立つ偉大な創造者が,ほぼ今日の《イーリアス》《オデュッセイア》に近い構造をもつ2編の叙事詩をつくったとの認識が定着しつつあるように思われる。… ※「Lord,A.B.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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