Deposit - Kitaku

Japanese: 寄託 - きたく
Deposit - Kitaku

It is a one-sided contract that requires something, is free of charge, and takes effect when one party (the depositary) promises to keep it for the other party (the depositor) and receives a certain thing (Civil Code Article 657). However, consensual deposits (agreements only, without the need to hand over the subject matter) can also be established, and if there is a special provision for remuneration, it becomes a bilateral contract for value.

By making a deposit, the depositary is obligated to take custody of the object. In the case of a paid deposit, the depositary must exercise the care of a good manager (Article 400), and in the case of a gratuitous deposit, the depositary must exercise the same care as in the case of his own property (Article 659). The depositary may not entrust the custody of the object to a third party without the depositor's consent (Article 658, Paragraph 1). The depositary is also obligated to notify in certain cases, such as when a person who claims rights over the deposited object files a lawsuit against the depositary (Article 660), and is obligated to pay money, other items, and consumption fees, as in the case of delegation (Articles 665, 646, and 647). When the deposit ends, the depositary must return the object. On the other hand, the depositor is obligated to prepay expenses, reimburse expenses and interest, repay debts, and provide security (Articles 665, 649, and 650), and in the case of a paid deposit, he must also pay remuneration.

[Takahisa Awaji]

Consumption deposit

When the depositary does not return the object itself, but returns something of the same kind, equal value, and amount (such as a bank loan), it is called a consumption deposit. It is also called an irregular deposit. Although it is a type of deposit, it is similar to a consumption loan, so all the provisions of the consumption loan apply mutatis mutandis, except for the time of return (the depositor can request return at any time) (Article 666 of the same law). Note that deposits under the Commercial Code are called commercial deposits.

[Takahisa Awaji]

[Reference] | Delegation | Loan

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

当事者の一方(受寄者)が相手方(寄託者)のために保管することを約して、ある物を受け取ることによって効力を生じる、要物・不要式・無償・片務の契約をいう(民法657条)。ただし諾成的寄託(合意のみで目的物の引渡しを必要としない)の成立も可能であり、また、報酬の特約がある場合には、有償・双務の契約となる。

 寄託により、受寄者は目的物を保管する義務を負う。保管にあたって負う注意義務について、有償寄託の場合には善良なる管理者の注意(同法400条)、無償寄託の場合には自己の財産におけると同一の注意(同法659条)である。また、受寄者は、寄託者の承諾がない限り保管を第三者にさせることはできない(同法658条1項)。また、寄託物について権利を主張する者が受寄者に訴えを提起したなど、一定の場合には通知義務を負い(同法660条)、委任の場合におけると同様、金銭その他の物および消費金支払い義務を負う(同法665条・646条・647条)。そして寄託が終了したときには寄託物を返還しなければならない。他方、寄託者は費用前払い義務、立替え費用および利息の償還義務、債務弁済および担保供与の義務を負い(同法665条・649条・650条)、有償寄託の場合には、さらに報酬を支払わねばならない。

[淡路剛久]

消費寄託

受寄者が目的物そのものを返還するのではなく、同種・同等・同量の物を返還する場合(銀行の貸付など)を消費寄託という。不規則寄託ともよばれる。寄託の一種ではあるが、消費貸借に類似しているので、返還時期(寄託者はいつでも返還を請求できる)の点を除いて、すべて消費貸借の規定が準用される(同法666条)。なお、商法の寄託は商事寄託とよばれる。

[淡路剛久]

[参照項目] | 委任 | 消費貸借

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