Contact angle

Japanese: 接触角 - せっしょくかく
Contact angle

When a drop of liquid is placed on a horizontal solid surface, it may become a drop that maintains a certain lens shape. The surface of the liquid is curved, but at its edges, the surface of the solid and the surface of the liquid form a certain angle, as shown in the figure . This angle, measured inside the liquid as shown in the figure , is called the contact angle. The contact angle θ is generally determined by the type of liquid and solid, but when θ is greater than 90 degrees, the liquid is said to not wet the solid surface, and when it is smaller, it is said to wet. As shown in the figure , if the surface tension of the liquid is γ L , the surface tension of the solid is γ S , and the interfacial tension between the liquid and solid is γ SL , then Young's equation γ SLSL cosθ=0 can be determined from the condition of balance of forces at point C.
As can be seen from this formula,
γ S >γ SLL
In this case, there is no contact angle and the liquid has no fixed shape but spreads infinitely over the solid surface, completely wetting it.

[Aki Ono]

[Reference] | Surface tension
Contact angle diagram [figure]
©Shogakukan ">

Contact angle diagram [figure]


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

液滴を水平な固体表面の上に置くと、一定のレンズ形を保った滴になる場合がある。液体の表面は曲面になるが、その端では、に示すように、固体表面と液体の表面とは一定の角度をなす。この角度をのように液体の内側で測ったものを接触角という。接触角θは一般に、液体と固体の種類によって決まるが、θが90度より大きいときには、液体は固体表面をぬらさないといい、小さいときにはぬらすという。に示すように、液体の表面張力をγL、固体の表面張力をγSとし、液体と固体の間の界面張力をγSLとすると、C点における力のつり合いの条件から、ヤングの方程式
  γSLSLcosθ=0
が得られる。この式からもわかるが、
  γS>γSLL
であると、接触角は存在せず、液体は一定の形をとらず、固体表面を限りなく広がり、完全にぬらしてしまう。

[小野 周]

[参照項目] | 表面張力
接触角説明図〔図〕
©Shogakukan">

接触角説明図〔図〕


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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