…When the lower motor neurons belonging to these cranial nerves or the skeletal muscles controlled by them are damaged, it can cause external ophthalmoplegia, such as eyeballs not moving and causing strabismus or double vision, drooping eyelids, paralysis of the masticatory muscles, facial muscle paralysis, paralysis of speech, speech, and swallowing, and paralysis of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Voluntary movements in these cranial nerve regions are also controlled by upper motor neurons in the cerebral cortex, so when these are damaged, motor paralysis in the cranial nerve regions also occurs, and in such cases it is called supranuclear cranial nerve palsy. In addition, when the lower cranial nerves such as the trigeminal, facial, vagus, and hypoglossal nerves are widely affected and paralysis of speech, speech, swallowing, mastication, and facial expression occurs, it is called bulbar palsy, and when similar symptoms occur due to damage to upper motor neurons, it is called pseudobulbar palsy. … *Some of the terminology that refers to "supranuclear cranial nerve palsy" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これらの脳神経に属する下位運動ニューロンや,それによって支配されている骨格筋に損傷を生ずると,眼球が動かなくなって斜視や複視を生じたり,まぶたが垂れ下がったりするような外眼筋麻痺,咀嚼(そしやく)筋の麻痺,顔面筋麻痺,発声,発語,嚥下運動の麻痺,胸鎖乳突筋や僧帽筋の麻痺などを生ずる。これらの脳神経領域の随意運動も大脳皮質の上位運動ニューロンによって支配されているため,これが損傷を受けるとやはり脳神経領域の運動麻痺が生ずるが,そのような場合は核上性脳神経麻痺と呼ばれている。また三叉,顔面,迷走,舌下神経などの下部脳神経が広範囲にわたって侵され,発声,発語,嚥下,咀嚼,表情の麻痺をおこした状態は球麻痺bulbar palsyと呼ばれるが,これと同様の症状が上位運動ニューロンの損傷で生じたものは仮性球麻痺といわれる。… ※「核上性脳神経麻痺」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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