Italian sociologist of German origin. The son of a major industrialist in Cologne, he studied at the universities of Munich, Leipzig, and Halle. In 1902 he joined the German Social Democratic Party, and participated in the French syndicalist movement and the Italian Socialist Party. He later withdrew from political activities to focus on research, and became a lecturer in economics at the University of Turin (1907). He wrote Sociology of Political Parties in Modern Democracy (1911), in which he presented the theory of the "iron law of oligarchy," which argued that any organization, even a revolutionary organization aiming for thorough democratization, will inevitably become bureaucratic and minority-ruled as it expands. Along with M. Weber, he is considered the founder of bureaucracy research and political sociology. He later became a naturalized Italian citizen, and became a professor at the University of Perugia and the University of Rome (1928). He argued that sociology must be an "intrusive science" that breaks through the limitations of specific social sciences, and made a variety of pioneering contributions across a wide range of related fields, including nationalism, patriotism, sexual morality, the role of intellectuals, social mobility, the history of the social sciences, intellectual history research on the development of socialism and fascism in Italy, and the theory of elites. [Mori Hiroshi] "Sociology of Political Parties in Modern Democracy" translated by Hiroshi Mori and Akiko Higuchi (2 volumes, 1973, 1974, Mokdosha) [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ドイツ出身のイタリアの社会学者。ケルンの大実業家の息子に生まれ、ミュンヘン、ライプツィヒ、ハレの諸大学に学ぶ。1902年にドイツ社会民主党に入り、フランスのサンジカリズム運動やイタリアの社会党に参加、のちに政治活動から手を引いて研究に専念し、トリノ大学の経済学講師となる(1907)。『現代民主主義における政党の社会学』(1911)を著し、いっさいの組織は、たとえ徹底的民主化を目ざす革命的組織であれ、組織の拡大につれて必然的に官僚化し、少数者支配にならざるをえない、という「寡頭制の鉄則」論を展開した。M・ウェーバーとともに官僚制研究と政治社会学の創始者とみなされる。のちイタリアに帰化し、ペルージア大学およびローマ大学教授(1928)となる。社会学は特殊社会諸科学の限界を突破する「侵入科学」でなければならないと主張し、ナショナリズム、愛国心、性道徳、知識人の役割、社会移動、社会科学史、イタリアにおける社会主義およびファシズムの発展に関する思想史的研究、エリート論などさまざまな関係領域にわたる多様な先駆的業績をあげた。 [森 博] 『森博・樋口晟子訳『現代民主主義における政党の社会学』全2巻(1973、1974・木鐸社)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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