A gel of silicic acid. Its composition is SiO 2 · n H 2 O. The number of water molecules varies depending on the conditions. Most naturally occurring silicic acid is produced as silica gel. Synthetic products are made by gelling silica sol obtained by double decomposition of an aqueous solution of water glass (sodium silicate) with sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. It is usually sold commercially as a colorless granular material with a specific gravity of 2.2 to 2.3. It is resistant to acids, but dissolves slowly in concentrated alkaline solutions. It has a strong adsorption power for many substances, including water vapor and ammonia gas. When impregnated with cobalt (II) salt, it is blue when anhydrous and changes to pale pink when it absorbs moisture. When the pale pink is heated, it is dehydrated and turns blue again, and is widely used as a desiccant. It is also used as a dehydrating agent, an adsorbent for chromatography, and a catalyst carrier. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ケイ酸のゲルのこと。成分はSiO2・nH2Oである。水分子の数は条件によって変わる。天然に存在するケイ酸の多くはシリカゲルとして産する。合成品は、水ガラス(ケイ酸ナトリウム)水溶液と、硫酸または塩酸との複分解によって得られるシリカゾルをゲル化させる。普通、無色の粒状物として市販され、比重は2.2~2.3。酸には強いが濃アルカリ溶液に徐々に溶ける。水蒸気、アンモニアガスなど多くの物質に対して吸着力が強い。コバルト(Ⅱ)塩をしみ込ませたものは、無水のときは青色、吸湿すると淡紅色に変化する。淡紅色となったものを加熱すると脱水されて、ふたたび青色となり、乾燥剤として広く用いられる。そのほか、脱水剤、クロマトグラフィー用吸着剤、触媒の担体などとしても用いられる。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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