Garfield, James Abram
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Born November 19, 1831, near Orange, Ohio [Died] September 19, 1881. Elberon, New Jersey. American politician. 20th President (in office March 4, 1881 - September 19, 1881). Having lost his father at a young age, he continued his education in poverty, graduating from Williams College in 1856. He became a teacher at his alma mater, a school in Hiram, Ohio, and later became its principal. He joined the newly established Republican Party and was elected to the state legislature in 1859, but resigned during the Civil War. In 1861, he organized the Ohio Volunteer Infantry, fought in various places as an officer in the Union Army, and was promoted to major general. After the war, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio, and to the U.S. Senate in 1880. In the same year, at the Republican presidential nomination convention, the votes were split between the opposing candidates, and no decision was reached. As a result, he was unexpectedly nominated on the 36th ballot, and in November he was elected president by a narrow margin. On July 2, 1881, four months after taking office, he was shot by C. Guido, who was dissatisfied with not being given a position, and died two months later. During that time, he was unable to perform his duties, raising serious constitutional questions regarding the performance of his presidency. Garfield |
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[生]1831.11.19. オハイオ，オレンジ近郊 [没]1881.9.19. ニュージャージー，エルベロン アメリカの政治家。第 20代大統領 (在任 1881.3.4.～9.19.) 。幼時に父を失い貧困のうちに学業を続け，1856年ウィリアムズ・カレッジを卒業。オハイオ州ハイラムの母校の学院の教員，のちにその校長となる。新設の共和党に入り，59年州議会議員となったが，南北戦争で議員を辞職，61年オハイオ志願歩兵隊を編成，北軍士官として各地に転戦，少将に昇進した。戦後オハイオから連邦下院議員，80年連邦上院議員。同年の共和党大統領候補指名大会で，対立候補間で票が割れ結論が出なかったため，36回目の投票ではからずも指名され，11月小差で大統領に当選した。 81年7月2日，就任4ヵ月目に官職につけず不満をもった C.ギドーにより狙撃され，2ヵ月後に死亡。その間執務不能となったため，大統領職の履行をめぐって憲法上の重大問題を惹起した。 ガーフィールド
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