A motor that generates force in a linear direction. A normal electric motor performs rotational motion, but a linear motor performs linear motion. The equivalent of the torque (rotational force) of a rotary electric motor is thrust (force in the direction of motion) in a linear motor. Depending on the principle of thrust generation, there are linear induction motors, linear synchronous motors, linear DC motors, linear stepping motors, etc. The thrust generation mechanism of each is the same as that of rotary electric motors. A linear motor is composed of a slider and a stator. The stator is sometimes called the ground side and the slider is called the on-board side. In a rotary motor, the stator is the primary circuit and the rotor is the secondary circuit, but in the case of a linear motor, either an on-board primary type or a ground primary type is possible. Since it does not rotate, no bearings are required, and the motor section can be made smaller than a rotary type. However, it is a direct drive type without a reducer, and the thrust generated by the linear motor needs to be large. In addition to railway vehicles (linear motor cars), it is used in a wide range of fields, such as various industrial machines, machine tools, home appliances (electric razors), and camera autofocus. [Masayuki Morimoto] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
直線的な方向に力を発生するモーター(電動機)。通常の電動機は回転運動を行うが、リニアモーターは直線運動を行う。回転形の電動機のトルク(回転力)に相当するのはリニアモーターでは推力(運動方向への力)である。 推力の発生原理により、リニア誘導モーター、リニア同期モーター、リニア直流モーター、リニアステッピングモーターなどがある。それぞれの推力の発生メカニズムは回転形の電動機と同一である。 リニアモーターは移動子と固定子から構成される。固定子を地上側、移動子を車上側とよぶことがある。回転形電動機では固定子が一次回路、回転子が二次回路であるが、リニアモーターの場合、車上一次式と地上一次式がいずれも可能である。回転しないので軸受が不要であり、モーター部分が回転形より小さく構成できる。ただし、減速機がない直結方式(ダイレクトドライブ)であり、リニアモーターの発生推力は大きくする必要がある。鉄道車両(リニアモーターカー)のほか、各種産業機械や工作機械、家電品(電気かみそり)、カメラのオートフォーカスなど、広い分野で使われている。 [森本雅之] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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