Geography - Chishi

Japanese: 地誌 - ちし
Geography - Chishi

Geography is a science that deals with various regions of the world based on spatial relationships. It is divided into two major categories: general geography, which deals analytically with each phenomenon, and topography or regional geography, which deals comprehensively with each region. In ancient geography from the Greek and Roman eras, the former is represented by Ptolemy's Geography, and the latter is represented by Strabo's Geography. Strabo's Geography describes the various regions of the world that were known to Europeans at the time, including their history, customs, and habits. In Japan, it began as early as the Fudoki (topographical records) of the Nara period, and many geographical books were compiled by various feudal domains in the Edo period. However, regional geography as a modern field began with the German Ritter, who proposed comparative geography in the 19th century, and was systematized by France's Domengeon and Germany's Hettner. Massive world topography books compiled by De la Brache in France and Cloute in Germany have been published. What makes modern geography fundamentally different from pre-modern geography is that it regards a region as a whole as an entity in which the natural and human phenomena distributed therein are interrelated through causal relationships, and aims to grasp this entity comprehensively and investigate regional characteristics.

[Takeo Oda]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

地理学は場所的関係を基本とした、世界の諸地域に関する科学であるが、これを、それぞれの事象ごとに分析的に取り扱う一般地理学と、地域に即して総合的に取り扱う地誌あるいは地誌学の二大部門に区分される。ギリシア・ローマ時代の古代地理学においても、前者を代表するものとしてはプトレマイオスの地理書があり、後者を代表するものはストラボンの地理書である。ストラボンの地理書は、当時、ヨーロッパ人に知られていた世界の諸地域について、歴史や風俗・習慣までも含めて記述されている。わが国でも古くは奈良時代の風土記(ふどき)に始まり、江戸時代には諸藩によって多くの地誌書が編纂(へんさん)された。しかし近代地理学としての地誌学は19世紀に比較地理学を提唱したドイツのリッターに始まり、フランスのドマンジョンやドイツのヘットナーなどによって体系化された。フランスではドゥ・ラ・ブラーシュ、ドイツではクルーテ編纂の膨大な世界地誌書などが刊行されている。現在の地誌学が近代以前の地誌と根本的に異なるのは、地域をもって、そこに分布する自然・人文の諸現象が因果関係によって相互に関連する統一体であるとみなし、それを総合的に把握して、地域性を究明することを目的としているところにある。

[織田武雄]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Retired - Chishi

>>:  Erosion control - Chisan

Recommend

Myenteric plexus - myenteric plexus

→ Auerbach's plexus Source: Asakura Publishing...

Hiroyuki Kato

A Meiji period scholar of national law. Born on J...

New Enlightenment Movement (English: New Enlightenment Movement)

An ideological movement that arose among Chinese i...

Cooling agent

An explosive component used in certified explosive...

Capitania system - Capitania system

A system of development, settlement, and governanc...

Rhapsody in blue

A work for piano and orchestra by Gershwin. Gershw...

Deficit-making organization - Akajidantai

...When a local government has a large deficit an...

Partito Popolare Italiano Partito Popolare Italiano

…However, World War I encouraged Catholics to int...

《Party》

…In 1924, it became a foundation. In addition to ...

Exchange rate manipulation - Exchange rate manipulation

Please see our "Market Intervention" pa...

Kaiba grapes catalogue - Kaiba grapes catalogue

…In the inner section, lions, leopards, celestial...

Theoria generationis (English spelling)

…He is known for his research on animal developme...

Zhang Zhao; Chang Chao

[Born] Kangxi 30 (1691) [Died] 10th year of Qianlo...

"The Flower Book" - Kyukajo

… His calligraphy was shed from Yan Zhenqing and ...

Uemura Bunrakuken

The head of the Bunraku puppet theatre company. T...