Definition - definition

Japanese: 定義 - ていぎ(英語表記)definition
Definition - definition

The precise meaning of a concept (or term) used in a discussion is called the definition of that concept (or term). For example, in geometry, a circle is defined as "the set of points on a plane that are a certain distance from one fixed point." Definitions are usually done using natural language like this, but in mathematics, they often use the concept of a set or are based on an inductive definition. For example, if a coordinate system is introduced on a plane, a circle with radius r centered at point O=(a,b) can be expressed as the set {(x,y)|(xa) 2 +(yb) 2 =r 2 }, so a circle can also be defined as "the set {(x,y)|(xa) 2 +(yb) 2 =r 2 } for a certain point (a,b) and a certain positive real number r." In addition, when the Fibonacci sequence {F(n)} (1,1,2,3,5,8,13,……) is defined, for the function F(n) on natural numbers,

Sometimes definitions can be made using mathematical induction, such as the definition using: This type of definition is called an inductive definition.

Strictly speaking, a definition is a convention within a certain discussion and is valid only within that discussion. Therefore, depending on how the discussion proceeds, the same proposition can become both a definition and a theorem.

[Ken Hirose]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

議論をする際に用いる概念(あるいは術語)の正確な意味づけを、その概念(あるいは術語)の定義という。たとえば、幾何学における円は、「平面上の一つの定まった点から、一定の距離にある点の全体」と定義される。定義の方法はこのように自然言語を用いて行われるのが普通であるが、数学では集合概念を用いたり、帰納的定義によったりすることも多い。たとえば、平面上に座標系が導入されていれば、点O=(a,b)を中心とする半径rの円は、集合{(x,y)|(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2}と表すことができるから、円とは「ある点(a,b)と、ある正の実数rについての集合{(x,y)|(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2}」と定義することもできる。また、フィボナッチ数列{F(n)}(1,1,2,3,5,8,13,……)を定めるとき、自然数上の関数F(n)について

を用いて定義する例のように、数学的帰納法を用いて定義することもある。このような定義が帰納的定義である。

 定義は、厳密にはある議論のなかでの約束ごとであって、その議論のなかだけで通用するものである。したがって、議論の進め方によって同じ命題が定義になることも定理になることもある。

[廣瀬 健]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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