A general term for animals in the genus Gazella, order Artiodactyla, family Bovidae. Gazella antelopes are found not only in Africa but also in the Arabian Peninsula, Syria, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, India, northern Tibet, and Mongolia. They live in a wide variety of habitats, from savannahs to barren lands and deserts, and over a dozen species are known. Their bodies are slender and graceful, with long, slender limbs. They are usually sandy-colored, and many have dark bands on their faces and sides. Both sexes have horns, which initially curve backwards when viewed from the side, and then curve slightly forward or upward at the tip, giving them a lyre-like shape when viewed from the front. The length of the horns varies depending on the species. All species are adapted to dry areas and can survive for long periods without water. Most species usually eat grass in the evening or early morning, but those that live in desert areas also eat leaves from small shrubs. Their lifestyles vary, from solitary to small groups of 2 to 30 individuals, to large herds. Calves are usually born between April and June when there is a lot of grass and other vegetation. They only have one calf per litter. They live for about 10 to 12 years. Although small in size, they are fast runners, said to reach speeds of 64 to 96 kilometers per hour, and are also skilled at jumping. Gazelles are divided into three groups: (1) A group with a large body and a large white area on the buttocks that reaches not only the base of the tail but also the back of the waist. Examples include Grant's gazelle G. granti (shoulder height 80-100 cm, horn length 30-80 cm, found in the grasslands of East Africa), and Dama gazelle G. dama (the largest of the gazelles, shoulder height 90-120 cm, horn length 16-41 cm, found in the deserts of western and northern Africa). (2) A group with medium to small bodies and a small white spot on the buttocks that only extends to the base of the tail, such as the Dorcas's gazelle G. dorcas (shoulder height 50-70 cm, horn length 16-38 cm, found in the deserts of northeastern Africa and the Middle East), and the Thomson's gazelle G. thomsoni (shoulder height 55-70 cm, horn length 7-43 cm, found in the grasslands of East Africa). (3) A group of medium-sized gazelles with white spots like the former, but females usually have no horns. This group is only found in the Japanese gazelle G. subgutturosa , and the male's throat swells during the breeding season. Shoulder height is 60-80 cm, and horn length is 25-43 cm. They are found in the plains from Mongolia to Afghanistan. [Tadaaki Imaizumi] They live in the grasslands of East Africa. Their horns are 7-43cm long, with females having smaller horns than males. They can form large herds of several thousand when migrating. Their head and body length is 80-110cm, shoulder height is 55-70cm, and they weigh 16-25kg. ©Shogakukan "> Thomson's Gazelle Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
哺乳(ほにゅう)綱偶蹄(ぐうてい)目ウシ科ガゼル属に含まれる動物の総称。この属Gazellaのアンテロープ(レイヨウ)は、アフリカだけでなくアラビア半島、シリア、アフガニスタン、イラン、パキスタン、インド、チベット北部およびモンゴルまで広く分布する。生息地も変化に富み、サバンナから荒れ地や砂漠まであり、十数種が知られている。体は細く優美で、四肢も細く長い。通常は砂色の体色で、多くは顔や体側に暗色帯がある。雌雄ともに角(つの)があり、横からみると始め後方に曲がり、先のほうはわずかに前方あるいは上方に曲がり、前方からみると竪琴(たてごと)形である。角の長さは種によって異なる。いずれの種も乾燥した地域に適応し、水がなくても長期間生存できる。夕刻または早朝に、普通は草を食べるものが多いが、砂漠地帯にすむものは小低木の葉なども食べる。単独で生活するもの、2頭から30頭ほどの小群でいるもの、あるいは大群をなすものなど、その生活様式はいろいろである。普通、子は草などの植物が多い4~6月に産まれる。1産1子。寿命は10~12年ほどである。体は小さいが走るのは速く、時速64~96キロメートルに達するといわれ、ジャンプも巧みである。ガゼル類は次の三つのグループに分けられる。 (1)体は大形で、臀部(でんぶ)の白色部が大きく、尾の付け根だけでなく、腰の後部にまで達するグループ。グラントガゼルG. granti(肩高80~100センチメートル、角長30~80センチメートル、東アフリカの草原に分布)、ダマガゼルG. dama(ガゼル類中最大で肩高90~120センチメートル、角長16~41センチメートル、アフリカ西部から北部の砂漠に分布)など。 (2)体は中形ないし小形で、臀部の白斑(はくはん)は小さく、尾の付け根までしかないグループ。ドルカスガゼルG. dorcas(肩高50~70センチメートル、角長16~38センチメートル、アフリカ北東部から中近東の砂漠に分布)、トムソンガゼルG. thomsoni(肩高55~70センチメートル、角長7~43センチメートル、東アフリカの草原に分布)など。 (3)中形で白斑は前者と同じであるが、普通は雌に角がないグループ。このグループはコウジョウセンガゼルG. subgutturosaだけで、雄ののどは繁殖期に膨れる。肩高60~80センチメートル、角長25~43センチメートル。モンゴルからアフガニスタンの平原に分布する。 [今泉忠明] 東アフリカの草原に分布。角の長さは7~43cmで、雌の角は雄より小さい。移動時には数千頭の大群をなすことがある。頭胴長80~110cm、肩高55~70cm、体重16~25kg©Shogakukan"> トムソンガゼル 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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