Crime of forgery of securities

Japanese: 有価証券偽造罪 - ゆうかしょうけんぎぞうざい
Crime of forgery of securities

It is a crime to forge, alter, or make false entries in securities with the intent of exercising them (Article 162 of the Penal Code), or to exercise, or to deliver or import such forged securities with the intent of exercising them (Article 163 of the same Code). Since securities have an important function similar to currency as a means of economic transactions today, this crime strongly protects the public trust in securities (a type of social legal interest). "Securities" refers to documents that represent property rights, and according to Article 162, paragraph 1 of the Penal Code, it is defined as "public bond certificates, government securities, company stock certificates, and other securities." The rights represented by these are real rights, claims, and other property rights, but are limited to those that require possession of the securities in order to exercise or dispose of these rights. The other securities mentioned above can be bills, checks, gift certificates, as well as non-negotiable items such as transportation tickets, commuter passes, and lottery tickets (postage stamps and revenue stamps are excluded due to special laws).

The penalty for both articles is imprisonment for a period of three months to ten years, and even attempted crimes under Article 163 are punishable (Article 163, paragraph 2).

[Tetsuro Nawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

行使の目的をもって有価証券を偽造・変造・虚偽記入したり(刑法162条)、これら偽造等の有価証券を行使し、または行使の目的で交付し、もしくは輸入する罪(同法163条)。有価証券が今日の経済取引の手段として、通貨に類する重要な機能を有しているところから、本罪により有価証券に対する公共の信用(社会法益の一種)を強く保護している。「有価証券」とは財産権を表章する文書をいうが、刑法第162条1項によれば「公債証書、官庁の証券、会社の株券その他の有価証券」と規定されている。これに表章される権利は物権、債権、その他の財産権であるが、この権利を行使または処分するために、その証券を占有することを要するものに限られる。前記のその他の有価証券は、手形、小切手、商品券のほか、乗り物の乗車券・定期券、宝くじなど流通性のないものでもよい(なお、郵便切手、収入印紙については特別法があるので除かれる)。

 罰則は両条とも3月以上10年以下の懲役であり、第163条の罪は未遂も処罰される(同条2項)。

[名和鐵郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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