Coal chemistry - sekitankagaku (English spelling) coal chemistry

Japanese: 石炭化学 - せきたんかがく(英語表記)coal chemistry
Coal chemistry - sekitankagaku (English spelling) coal chemistry

Coal chemistry is an academic field that studies the chemical properties, chemical structure, and physicochemical characteristics of coal, and then applies the results to the development of technologies for the effective use of coal. In other words, the purpose of coal chemistry is to provide the basic theory for useful, high-value-added chemical raw materials and energy conversion through the analysis of reaction mechanisms such as coal liquefaction, gasification, pyrolysis, and combustion. In coal chemistry, reactions such as reactions of active groups, solvent extraction, extractive decomposition, hydrogenolysis, polycondensation, oxidative decomposition, and chlorinative decomposition are the subject of research.

On the other hand, coal physics aims to clarify the physical properties of coal and its structure, including optical, electromagnetic, mechanical, and interface properties. However, when studying the origins of coal or considering its polymer structure, physicochemical methods are required, so coal science includes both coal chemistry and coal physics. Sometimes, coal chemistry is used as a general term to include both coal science and the coal chemical industry. This is because the basic theory of petrochemistry was established first, and while coal chemistry has come to be understood in comparison with petrochemistry, there are many aspects of coal chemistry that have yet to be clarified, and the terminology has not yet been solidified.

Coal is a natural polymeric organic compound with the most complex structure of all fossil resources, and although many researchers have been inspired to investigate its structure and it has gradually become clearer, there are still many areas that are lacking. By elucidating the true nature of coal, it will become possible to find rational ways of using it based on its structure.

[Ueda Sei and Aramaki Toshihiro]

``Coal Chemistry'' by Wataru Funasaka and Chikao Yokokawa (1960, Kyoritsu Shuppan)' ' ▽ ``Coal and Coal Chemistry'' by Shintake Kurokawa, Arimasa Baba, Hidemasa Honda, and Kimimi Ouchi (1963, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun)``Coal Chemistry'' by Tomijiro Murata (1964, Keiso Shobo)' ' ▽ “Katsumi Shimono, “History of Postwar Japan’s Coal and Chemical Industry” (1987, Ochanomizu Shobo)”

[Reference item] | Coal | Coal chemical industry

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

石炭の化学的な性質、化学構造、物理化学的特性を研究し、さらにその成果を石炭の有効利用技術開発に応用するための学問領域をいう。すなわち、石炭の液化、ガス化、熱分解、燃焼などの反応機構解析を通じて有用で高付加価値な化学原料化やエネルギー変換のための基礎理論を提供することが石炭化学の目的となる。石炭化学では活性基の反応、溶剤抽出、抽出分解、水素化分解、重縮合、酸化分解、塩素化分解などの反応が研究対象となる。

 一方、石炭物理は石炭の物理的な性質を究明し、物性や構造を解明しようとするもので、光学的、電磁気的、機械的、界面的などの性質が対象となる。しかし石炭の成因に関する研究や高分子的構造について考えるときには物理化学的な取扱いが必要となるため、石炭化学と石炭物理を含めて石炭科学という。ときには石炭科学と石炭化学工業の両者を含めた総称として石炭化学が使用されることもある。これは、石油化学の基礎理論の確立が先行し、それに対比して石炭化学が理解されるようになってきたものの、石炭化学では究明されていない面が多く、用語の概念が固まっていないためである。

 石炭は化石資源のなかでもっとも複雑な構造を有する天然の高分子有機化合物であり、研究意欲を刺激された多くの研究者によって構造の解明が行われしだいに明らかにされてきたが、まだ不十分な点が多い。よりいっそう石炭の本質を明らかにすることによって、石炭の構造に立脚した合理的な利用法も可能になるわけである。

[上田 成・荒牧寿弘]

『舟阪渡・横川親雄著『石炭化学』(1960・共立出版)』『黒川真武・馬場有政・本田英昌・大内公耳著『石炭・石炭化学』(1963・日刊工業新聞社)』『村田富二郎著『石炭化学』(1964・勁草書房)』『下野克己著『戦後日本石炭化学工業史』(1987・御茶の水書房)』

[参照項目] | 石炭 | 石炭化学工業

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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