Equation of motion

Japanese: 運動方程式 - うんどうほうていしき(英語表記)equation of motion
Equation of motion

An equation used to understand the motion of objects in physics. Historically, the first Newtonian equation of motion was proposed in the form F = ma , based on Newton's second law of motion. Here, F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. Later, the Euler equation and Navier-Stokes equation for fluid mechanics were also proposed. However, the equation becomes complicated when dealing with the equation of motion in a polar coordinate system, which is convenient when dealing with central forces such as gravity. As a result of researching the equation of motion in a form independent of the coordinate system, it developed into the Lagrange equation of motion and Hamilton's canonical equation of motion in analytical mechanics. During the development of quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg equation of motion was developed from the Hamiltonian equation of motion.

[Masashi Yamamoto July 16, 2021]

[References] | Euler equations | Analytical mechanics | Polar coordinates | Navier-Stokes equations | Heisenberg | Hamilton | Lagrange | Fluid mechanics

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

物理における物体の運動を理解するための方程式。歴史的にはニュートンの運動の第二法則により、最初のニュートンの運動方程式がFmaという形で提案された。ここでFは力、mは質量、aは加速度である。その後、流体力学に対するオイラー方程式、ナビエ‐ストークス方程式も提案される。しかし、重力のような中心力を扱う場合に便利な極座標系で運動方程式を扱うと、方程式が複雑になる。そこで座標系に依存しない形での運動方程式を研究した結果、解析力学としてラグランジュの運動方程式、ハミルトンの正準運動方程式に発展した。量子力学の発展期には、ハミルトン形式の運動方程式からハイゼンベルクの運動方程式が開発された。

[山本将史 2021年7月16日]

[参照項目] | オイラー方程式 | 解析力学 | 極座標 | ナビエ‐ストークス方程式 | ハイゼンベルク | ハミルトン | ラグランジュ | 流体力学

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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