Pinus (pine) - Pinus (English spelling)

Japanese: マツ(松) - マツ（英語表記）Pinus; pine

A general term for trees of the genus Pinus in the family Pinaceae. They are usually evergreen tall trees, but occasionally include shrubs such as creeping pines. They are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, with about 90 known species. The bark is either fissured or scaly, and the leaves are either deciduous scale leaves or needle leaves. The needles grow in bundles of 2-5 on short branches, and the number varies by species, so they are classified as bilobal, trilobal, or pentalobal (so-called five-needle pine). They flower from April to June, and are monoecious. The male flowers grow in clusters at the base of new branches, and are yellow, orange, or scarlet, in the form of sessile spikes. The female flowers are globular, green or purple, and grow in the axillary or terminal parts of new branches. The cones, which take more than a year to mature after pollination, are cylindrical and form what are known as pine cones, with persistent woody scales. The seeds have membranous wings and grow in pairs on the inner surface of each scale. Seven species grow naturally in Japan: Akamatsu (Japanese red pine), Kuromatsu (Japanese black pine), Himekomatsu (Pinus himekomatsu), Korean goyo (Japanese five-leaf pine), Takanegoyo (Pinus umbellata), Pumila umbellata, and Ryukyumatsu (Pinus luchuensis). They are commonly planted as garden trees, and their wood is used for architecture, civil engineering, furniture, and handicrafts. Korean pine seeds are edible. Resin is also extracted from Akamatsu and Kuromatsu to make turpentine, rosin, and tar.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

マツ科マツ属の樹木の総称で，通常は常緑高木であるがまれにハイマツ (這松)のような低木もある。北半球に広く分布し，約 90種が知られる。樹皮は裂溝のあるもの，または鱗片状にはがれるものがあり，葉は脱落性の鱗片葉と針葉の2種をもつ。針葉は短枝に2～5枚ずつ束生し，種類によってこの数が定まっているので2葉性，3葉性，5葉性 (いわゆる五葉松) などに区別する。4～6月に開花，雌雄同株で，雄花は新枝の基部に群生し，黄，橙または緋色のものもあり，無柄の穂状。雌花は球形で新枝に腋生または頂生し，緑色または紫色である。受粉後1年以上もかかって成熟する球果は円柱形でいわゆる松かさをつくり，木質の宿存する鱗片がある。種子は膜状の翼を有し鱗片の内面に2個ずつ生じる。日本にはアカマツ (赤松)，クロマツ (黒松)，ヒメコマツ (姫小松)，チョウセンゴヨウ (朝鮮五葉)，タカネゴヨウ，ハイマツ，リュウキュウマツの7種が自生する。庭園樹として普通に植えられ，材は建築，土木，家具，細工物に利用される。チョウセンゴヨウの種子は食用とする。またアカマツ，クロマツから樹脂をとり，テレビン油，松やに，タールをつくる。

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