Alfven wave - Alfven wave

Japanese: アルベーン波 - あるべーんは
Alfven wave - Alfven wave

When an external magnetic field is present within plasma, it is a transverse wave that travels along the magnetic field while oscillating perpendicular to the magnetic field. It is so named because it was discovered by Swedish physicist Alfvén, but he himself named it a magnetohydrodynamic wave. A particle system made up of charged particles (ions, electrons), in other words, plasma, is called the fourth state of matter, and various types of waves exist. Alfvén waves are the same as the waves that arise when a string is vibrated, with the magnetic field lines playing the role of the string, and if magnetic tension B 2 /μ ( B is the magnetic flux density) is used instead of string tension S , and the plasma has a density of ρ, the propagation speed of the wave is

where μ is magnetic permeability. Alfven waves play an important role in sunspot activity and electromagnetic radiation in the Earth's magnetosphere. For example, when a geomagnetic storm occurs, magnetic field fluctuations with periods of 0.1 to 1000 seconds are observed, and this is thought to be due to Alfven waves, which have wavelengths of several hundred kilometers and propagation speeds of up to 1000 kilometers per second.

[Ryo Ikeuchi]

[References] | Alfven | Magnetic storm | Magnetohydrodynamics | Plasma | Transverse waves

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

プラズマ中に外部磁場が存在するとき、磁場に垂直方向に振動しつつ磁場に沿って進行する横波。スウェーデンの物理学者アルベーンが発見したのでこうよばれるが、彼自身はこれを磁気流体波と名づけた。荷電粒子(イオン、電子)の集まった粒子系、つまり、プラズマは第四の物質状態とよばれ、いろいろな波が存在する。アルベーン波は、紐(ひも)を振動させたときにおこる波と同じで、磁力線が紐の役割を果たしており、紐の張力Sのかわりに磁気的張力B2/μ(Bは磁束密度)を用い、密度ρのプラズマとすると、波の伝播(でんぱ)速度は、

と表される。μは透磁率である。アルベーン波は、太陽の黒点の活動や地球磁気圏での電磁波放射で重要な役割を演じている。たとえば、磁気嵐(あらし)のおこったとき、0.1~1000秒の周期の磁場変動が観測されており、これは、波長が数百キロメートル、伝播速度が秒速1000キロメートルにも達するアルベーン波によるものと考えられている。

[池内 了]

[参照項目] | アルベーン | 磁気嵐 | 磁気流体力学 | プラズマ | 横波

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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