...From 1783 to 1848, the Magistrat (City Council) was established to administer the city. From the Vienna SystemThe German Revolution of 1848 was a period of conservatism, and was the basis of the German-German political system. It was the period of the German-German Revolution of 1848, which was the period of the German-German political system. The German-German Revolution of 1848 ... From Austria…The Technical University of Vienna opened in 1815, the National Bank was founded in 1816, and the first steam locomotive in Austria ran in 1837. The period from the Congress of Vienna to the March Revolution (the 1848 Revolution) is called the "Early March Vormärz," but in art this period is called the "Biedermeier" period. Characterized by refined and lovely decorativeness, the Biedermeier apartments of the middle class express the consciousness of the middle class, who, although their lives had become somewhat prosperous, sought to remain hidden from the public eye of the times. … From the March Revolution...Therefore, it can be said that the March Revolution was brewing and being prepared in the period preceding it. In that sense, the preparatory period for the March Revolution is generally called the "Vormärz" (early March period), which can refer specifically to the early 1840s and onwards, but in most cases refers to the period after the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The characteristics of this period are that while the power of feudal absolutism was strengthened internationally (the Vienna System), a liberal national movement developed in opposition to it, and further, in conjunction with democratic tendencies, a direction for national unification was sought. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Vormärz" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…また1783年から1848年までは,市参事会Magistratが設置され,市の行政をつかさどった。 【ウィーン体制】より…1814‐15年のウィーン会議で,イギリス,フランス,ロシア,プロイセン,オーストリアの五大国が中心となってヨーロッパの政治的再編がはかられたが,その後ヨーロッパ諸国の勢力均衡を利用しつつ,オーストリア宰相メッテルニヒが中心となって推し進めた,48年革命まで続く政治体制をいう(ドイツ史ではとくに,1848年の三月革命以前のこの時代を三月前期Vormärzとよぶ)。その政治的原理は復古的保守主義であった。… 【オーストリア】より…1815年ウィーンの工業大学開校,16年国立銀行創立,37年にオーストリア最初の蒸気機関車が走った。 ウィーン会議から三月革命(48年革命)にかけての時期は〈三月前期Vormärz〉といわれるが,この時期は芸術上では〈ビーダーマイヤー〉期といわれる。洗練されて愛くるしい装飾性を特徴とし,市民層の〈ビーダーマイヤー風居室〉など,生活が一応は豊かとなったものの,時代の表面からは身をひそめようとする市民層の意識を表現する。… 【三月革命】より…したがって三月革命はそれに先立つ時期に醸成され準備されてきたといえる。その意味でこの三月革命の準備期は一般に〈三月前期Vormärz〉と呼ばれ,具体的には1840年代初頭以降を指すこともあるが,多くの場合1815年のウィーン会議以降の時期を指す。この時期の特徴は,封建的絶対主義の勢力が国際的に強化される反面(ウィーン体制),それに対抗して自由主義的な国民運動が展開され,さらに民主主義的傾向とも結びついて,国民国家的な統一の方向が求められたことである。… ※「Vormärz」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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