Cancer Genes

Japanese: 癌遺伝子 - がんいでんし

Also called oncogene. A general term for genes that, under certain conditions, cause cells to become cancerous. They were first found in the genes of tumor viruses, but many homologous genes have also been found in normal cells. The two are sometimes distinguished by calling them v- (virus-derived) oncogenes and c- (cell-derived) oncogenes. A total of about 50 types of these are known, and if related genes are included, the number becomes more than 100. Oncogenes in normal cells are essentially essential genes for cell proliferation and differentiation, and many of them are involved in producing growth factors and their receptors, signal transduction, protein phosphorylation, gene transcription regulation, etc., and it is believed that cells become cancerous when these genes become abnormal. In addition, genes that act as inhibitors in these processes, and whose deficiency causes cells to become cancerous (tumor suppressor genes) have also been found. →Cancer→Related topic: Tumor suppressor genes

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

オンコジーンとも。一定の条件のもとで，細胞を癌化させる働きのある遺伝子の総称。最初に腫瘍ウイルスの遺伝子から見出されたが，それと相同の遺伝子が正常細胞中でも多数見つかっている。両者を，v-（ウイルス由来）癌遺伝子，c-（細胞由来）癌遺伝子と呼んで区別することもある。これらが合わせて50種類ほど知られ，関連遺伝子まで含めると100種類以上になる。正常細胞の癌遺伝子は，本来，細胞の増殖や分化に必要不可欠な遺伝子で，多くは増殖因子やその受容体を産生したり，シグナル伝達やタンパク質リン酸化，遺伝子の転写調節などに関与しており，その異常化によって細胞が癌化すると考えられている。また，これらの過程で抑制的に働いていて，その欠損により細胞が癌化するもの（癌抑制遺伝子）も見出されている。→癌
→関連項目癌抑制遺伝子

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