It is located in the southeastern part of New York State in the United States, at the mouth of the Hudson River, and faces New York Bay. It is one of the most populous cities in the Western Hemisphere, and consists of five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn, and Staten Island. It was settled by the Dutch in 1614 and named New Amsterdam. It became a British colony in 1664, and was renamed New York. It was the capital of the United States from 1789 to 1790. The Erie Canal was opened in 1825, and commerce and industry developed thereafter. Since the beginning of the 20th century, many immigrants have entered the city, and it has developed into a large city (→Ellis Island). Especially after World War I, it became the financial center of the world, and Manhattan was home to the New York Stock Exchange and other banks. It is the largest industrial city in the United States, and various industries such as clothing, leather, paper, printing, food processing, chemicals, and electrical equipment have developed, mainly in Brooklyn and Queens. New York Port is also the largest commercial port in the United States. In 1946, the headquarters of the United Nations was established in New York, and it became the center of international politics. The city is laid out in a grid pattern with roads running east-west and north-south, and skyscrapers such as the Empire State Building (381m) are symbols of New York. One of these, the World Trade Center (417m), collapsed in a terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 (see the September 11 attacks). Immigrants from all over the world have been coming, and neighborhoods such as Harlem, Little Italy, and Chinatown have been created. Since 1960, Hispanic immigrants have increased, first from Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, and later from Mexico and other Latin American countries. By 2000, Hispanics and African Americans together accounted for 27% of the population. There are many academic and cultural facilities, such as Columbia University, the Museum of Modern Art in New York, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, Lincoln Center, and Madison Square Garden. Movie theaters and theaters are concentrated near Times Square. Greenwich Village is internationally famous as a place where many artists gather. The city faces many problems common to large cities, such as overcrowding, traffic congestion, and crime, but the city is investing a large amount of its budget in solving these problems. Area: 790 km2 . Population: 8,175,133 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アメリカ合衆国,ニューヨーク州南東部,ハドソン川河口にあり,ニューヨーク湾に臨む同国最大の都市。西半球で最も人口の多い都市の一つで,マンハッタン,ブロンクス,クイーンズ,ブルックリン,スタテン島の 5区からなる。1614年にオランダ人が入植し,ニューアムステルダムと命名した。1664年イギリス領になり,ニューヨークと改称。1789~90年アメリカの首都。1825年エリー運河が開通し,以後商工業が発達。20世紀初頭から多数の移民が入り,大都市として発展した(→エリス島)。特に第1次世界大戦後世界の金融の中心となり,マンハッタンにはニューヨーク証券取引所をはじめ銀行などが集中。アメリカ最大の工業都市であり,ブルックリン,クイーンズを中心に衣料,皮革,製紙,印刷,食品加工,化学,電機など,多様な工業が発達。ニューヨーク港はアメリカ最大の商港でもある。また 1946年国際連合の本部が設けられ,国際政治の中心となった。市街地は東西と南北の道路で碁盤目状につくられ,エンパイア・ステート・ビル(381m)などがそびえ立つ摩天楼はニューヨークの象徴ともなっているが,そのうちの一つ,世界貿易センター(417m)は 2001年9月11日にテロの攻撃を受け崩壊(→アメリカ同時テロ)。世界各地から移民の流入が絶えず,ハーレム,リトルイタリー,チャイナタウンなどがつくられた。1960年以降はヒスパニック系の移民が増加,初めはプエルトリコやドミニカ共和国から,のちにはメキシコなど中南米からの移民が続き,2000年には黒人とともにそれぞれ人口の 27%を占めるまでになった。コロンビア大学,ニューヨーク近代美術館,メトロポリタン美術館,リンカーン・センター,マジソン・スクエア・ガーデンなど,多くの学術施設,文化施設がある。タイムズスクエア付近には映画館,劇場が集中する。グリニッチビレッジは,多くの芸術家の集まる場所として,国際的に有名。大都市に共通した過密化,交通渋滞,犯罪などの問題が多いが,市はその解決に多額の予算を投じている。面積 790km2。人口 817万5133(2010)。
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