An ancient city in Central Asia. It is located about 27km east of Marui, an oasis on a tributary of the Murghab River in Turkmenistan. Irrigation agriculture had already developed in the Achaemenid period, and the area was known for its wine production. It was the seat of the satrap of the Margiana region, and flourished as the provincial capital during the Parthian and Sassanid periods. It came under the control of the Abbasid Caliphate in 651, and became the central city of the Khorasan region, reaching its peak as a key point on the east-west transportation route and a center of Islamic learning in the 8th to 13th centuries. The dam was destroyed by the Mongol army in 1221, and it was rebuilt under the Timurid dynasty in 1409, but it never regained its former prosperity. It is maintained as a national historical and cultural park, and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 1999. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
中央アジアの古都。トルクメニスタン,ムルガーブ川支流のオアシス,マルイの東約 27kmにある。この付近はすでにアケメネス朝時代に発達した灌漑農業が行なわれ,ぶどう酒の生産で知られた。マルギアナ地方のサトラップ (州総督) 所在地で,パルティア帝国,ササン朝時代にも州都として栄えた。 651年にアッバース朝の支配下に入り,ホラーサーン地方の中心都市となって8~13世紀には東西交通路の要衝,イスラム諸学の中心として最盛期を迎えた。 1221年モンゴル軍にダムを破壊され,1409年チムール朝のもとで再建されたが,往時の繁栄は取り戻せなかった。国立歴史文化公園として整備されており,1999年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。
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