A diagram depicting the state of the Buddha's Pure Land. It is also called Jodohen or Jodo Mandala. Examples include Amida Buddha's Pure Land Paradise, Yakushi Buddha's Eastern Pure Land (Yakushi Jodohen), Mount Sacred Mountain Pure Land where Shaka Buddha preached the Lotus Sutra on Mount Vulture Peak, Vairocana Buddha's Lotus Treasure World (Russia Jodohen), and Maitreya Bodhisattva's Tusita Pure Land. Jodohen is said to have originated in Central Asia, and was widely depicted on Chinese murals such as those in Dunhuang. In Japan, Amida Pure Land transformations are the most common, and the Chiko Mandala, Taima Mandala, and Seikai Mandala from the Heian period are famous as the "Three Pure Land Mandalas." In particular, the "Contemplation of the Muryoju Sutra" transformations were transmitted via the Korean Peninsula, and many of them remain, and have been transcribed. The murals in the Golden Hall of Horyuji Temple depict the Pure Land transformations of Shaka, Amida, Maitreya, and Yakushi, and are valuable relics that show that various Pure Land transformations have existed since the Nara period, but they were destroyed by fire in 1949 (Showa 24), and were reproduced in 1968. [Yoshiaki Ishigami] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
仏の浄土のありさまを図に描いたもの。浄土変、浄土曼荼羅(まんだら)などともいう。阿弥陀仏(あみだぶつ)の極楽(ごくらく)浄土、薬師(やくし)仏の東方浄瑠璃(じょうるり)世界(薬師浄土変)、釈迦(しゃか)仏が霊鷲山(りょうじゅせん)で法華(ほっけ)を説いた霊山(りょうぜん)浄土、毘盧遮那(びるしゃな)仏の蓮華蔵(れんげぞう)世界(盧遮那浄土変)、弥勒菩薩(みろくぼさつ)の兜率(とそつ)浄土などがある。浄土変は中央アジアが起源といわれ、敦煌(とんこう)など中国の壁画に盛んに描かれた。日本では阿弥陀浄土変がもっとも多く描かれ、平安時代の『智光(ちこう)曼荼羅』『當麻(たいま)曼荼羅』『清海(せいかい)曼荼羅』は「浄土三曼荼羅」とよばれて有名である。とくに「観無量寿経(かんむりょうじゅきょう)変相」が朝鮮半島経由で伝わって多数残り、転写されている。法隆寺金堂の壁画は釈迦・阿弥陀・弥勒・薬師の各浄土変相で、奈良時代から各種の浄土変相があったことがわかる貴重な遺品であったが、1949年(昭和24)に焼失、68年にその模写が再現された。 [石上善應] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
<<: Chapter on the Origin of Pure Land Buddhism
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