Oriflamme

Japanese: Oriflamme
Oriflamme

...It was discontinued during the Restoration period from 1814 to 1830, but was revived as the national flag after Louis-Philippe ascended to the throne during the July Revolution of 1830, and has remained so to this day. The origins of the three colors are said to be influenced by the Dutch tricolor flag, or that the blue comes from a flag used by Clovis I, King of the Franks, named after the color of Saint Martin's cloak, the red comes from the Oriflamme, used by the French royal family from around the 12th century, and the white comes from the flag of Joan of Arc. The latter theory is also stated in the United Nations' National Flag Encyclopedia.

From [Flag]

...However, in the Middle Ages, it was common to carry a saint's relic at the head of a battle in the hope of driving away enemies with spiritual power, so this type of flag may have had a mixed meaning as a substitute for a holy relic or as a symbol. In 1124, when Louis VI was facing a crisis, he took the red flag (oriflamme) of Saint Denis from the altar of the Abbey of Saint Denis as the standard of his army. The red cross was used frequently in the First Crusade, and is said to have originated from the emblem of Peter the Hermit.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Oriflamme" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その後1814‐30年の王政復古時代には使用が中断されたが,30年の七月革命でルイ・フィリップが即位してから国旗として復活し,現在まで続いている。なお3色の起源については,オランダの3色旗の影響があったとも,また青はフランク王クロービス1世の用いた,聖マルタンのマントの色にちなむ幟に由来し,赤は12世紀ころからフランス王家で用いた〈オリフランムOriflamme〉に由来し,白はジャンヌ・ダルクの旗に由来するともいわれる。後者の説は国連発行の《国旗図鑑》でも述べられている。…

【旗】より

…ただし中世では,聖人の聖遺物そのものを陣頭に捧持して,霊力による怨敵退散を期待することも多かったから,この種の旗には聖遺物の代用ないし象徴としての意味が混入している可能性がある。1124年,危機に臨んだルイ6世は,サン・ドニ修道院の祭壇から聖者ドニの赤い旗(オリフラムoriflamme)をとって王軍の旗とした。第1回十字軍では赤十字が愛用されたが,これは隠者ペトルスの標章に由来するものとされている。…

※「Oriflamme」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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